CATCH Fentanyl Act

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Bill ID: 119/hr/1569
Last Updated: February 3, 2026

Sponsored by

Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]

ID: H001077

Follow the money

The bill

CATCH Fentanyl Act

HR. 1569, 119th Congress — read as touching AI & Cloud Infrastructure.

The sponsor

Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$66,200 raised

20 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

61% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Introduction" section, p. 742-744 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 187.

August 14, 2025

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, courtesy of the 119th Congress. Let's dissect this farce, shall we?

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The CATCH Fentanyl Act (HR 1569) claims to establish a pilot program to assess the use of technology to speed up and enhance cargo inspection at land ports of entry along the border. How quaint. In reality, this bill is just another attempt to throw money at a problem without addressing its root causes.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill creates a pilot program for testing and assessing various technologies (AI, machine learning, high-performance computing, etc.) to improve cargo inspection efficiency and accuracy. Because what we really need is more technology to fix the problems created by our own ineptitude. The CBP Innovation Team will oversee this boondoggle, because who better to innovate than a bunch of bureaucrats?

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, technology providers, and private sector interests looking to cash in on government contracts. Don't worry, the taxpayers will foot the bill for this experiment.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a Band-Aid solution to a festering wound. By throwing more technology at the problem, we'll only create new vulnerabilities and inefficiencies. The real issue is our porous borders and lack of effective immigration policies. This bill won't stop fentanyl or other contraband from entering the country; it will merely provide a false sense of security.

In medical terms, this bill is akin to treating a patient's symptoms without addressing the underlying disease. We're not curing the problem; we're just masking its symptoms with more technology and bureaucracy. The diagnosis? A bad case of " Politician-itis" – a chronic condition characterized by an inability to think critically and a penchant for grandstanding.

In conclusion, HR 1569 is a textbook example of legislative malpractice. It's a feel-good bill that accomplishes nothing but provides a nice photo op for its sponsors. Wake me up when someone in Congress decides to tackle the real issues plaguing our nation.

Related Topics

Trade & International Commerce
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$66,200
16 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$0
Committees
$0
Individuals
$66,200

No PAC contributions found

No organization contributions found

No committee contributions found

1
HAMER, GREGORY J MR. SR
2 transactions
$6,600
2
BOLLINGER, DONALD
2 transactions
$6,600
3
COOLEY, WILLIAM
2 transactions
$6,600
4
HAMER, GREG MR. JR.
2 transactions
$6,600
5
HEBERT, MARC
1 transaction
$3,500
6
FREY, GERARD A.
1 transaction
$3,300
7
CRAPPEL, ADAM
1 transaction
$3,300
8
UIHLEIN, RICHARD
1 transaction
$3,300
9
DAVIS, JORDAN
1 transaction
$3,300
10
ALFORD, ANTHONY
1 transaction
$3,300
11
CASTILLE, CARROL
1 transaction
$3,300
12
MIGUEZ, STEVEN
1 transaction
$3,300
13
MALLETT, CHESTER
1 transaction
$3,300
14
GRIGSBY, LANE
1 transaction
$3,300
15
HOLLINGSWORTH, DAVID
1 transaction
$3,300
16
VANHOOSE, JOHN
1 transaction
$3,300

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Magaziner, Seth [D-RI-2]

ID: M001223

Top Contributors

10

1
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 11, 2023
2
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 11, 2023
3
FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI COMMUNITY
OrganizationCRANDON, WI
$2,500
Dec 14, 2023
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Jun 9, 2023
5
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Apr 30, 2024
6
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$1,000
Jun 6, 2023
7
POARCH BANK OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$1,000
Mar 21, 2024
8
SIPPRELLE, SUSAN M.
SELF-EMPLOYEDFILMMAKER
IndividualMIDDLETOWN, RI
$3,300
Nov 19, 2023
9
LAVINE, JONATHAN
BAIN CAPITALINVESTOR
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Dec 20, 2023
10
LAVINE, JONATHAN
BAIN CAPITALINVESTOR
IndividualBOSTON, MA
$3,300
Dec 20, 2023

Rep. Gimenez, Carlos A. [R-FL-28]

ID: G000593

Top Contributors

10

1
CARR, JIM
CC HOMESCEO
IndividualMIAMI BEACH, FL
$6,600
Mar 22, 2023
2
GRIFFIN, KENNETH
CITADEL LLCFOUNDER CEO
IndividualMIAMI BEACH, FL
$6,600
Apr 10, 2023
3
KEMMERER, JOHN L
KEMMERER MANAGEMENT CORPEXECUTIVE
IndividualJACKSON, WY
$6,600
Apr 18, 2023
4
KEMMERER, KAREN
NONERETIRED
IndividualJACKSON, WY
$6,600
May 11, 2023
5
STAHL, LEWIS
NEXTGEN MANAGEMENT LLCFOUNDER
IndividualBOCA RATON, FL
$6,600
Sep 14, 2023
6
POOLE, GREG III
GREGORY POOLE EQUIPMENT COMPANYOWNER
IndividualRALEIGH, NC
$5,000
Mar 29, 2024
7
CARRICARTE, MICHAEL
NONERETIRED
IndividualMIAMI, FL
$5,000
Jun 27, 2023
8
TORRES, HUMBERTO
INSURANCE NATIONINSURANCE AGENT
IndividualMIAMI, FL
$5,000
May 1, 2024
9
TORRES, YADIRA
INSURANCE NATIONINSURANCE AGENT
IndividualMIAMI, FL
$5,000
May 1, 2024
10
BERMAN, MICHAEL
BERMAN AUTO GROUPAUTO DEALER
IndividualKEY LARGO, FL
$4,000
Mar 28, 2024

Rep. Goldman, Daniel S. [D-NY-10]

ID: G000599

Top Contributors

10

1
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLAKESIDE, CA
$1,500
May 19, 2023
2
GOLDSTEIN, DARIN
SDG CAPITAL MANAGEMENTMANAGER
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
May 31, 2023
3
GOLDSTEIN, DARIN
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Jun 19, 2023
4
SCHWARTZ, DAVID
SLATE PROPERTY GROUPEXECUTIVE
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$5,000
Oct 17, 2023
5
SCHWARTZ, DAVID
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$5,000
Oct 26, 2023
6
ADAMS, RICHARD
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Oct 26, 2024
7
ANDREESSEN, MARC
SELFATTORNEY
IndividualLOS ALTOS, CA
$3,300
Oct 23, 2024
8
BARTH, RICHARD
MARYLANDPROFESSOR
IndividualBALTIMORE, MD
$3,300
Oct 27, 2024
9
BLUMENTHAL, VIOLETTE
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualDURHAM, NC
$3,300
Oct 26, 2024
10
BRUNO, JACQUELINE
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualWHITESTONE, NY
$3,300
Oct 26, 2024

Rep. Green, Mark E. [R-TN-7]

ID: G000590

Top Contributors

10

1
HAND, J.R.
HAND FAMILY COMPANIESCEO
IndividualCLARKSVILLE, TN
$6,600
May 20, 2024
2
SCARLETT, DOROTHY
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualNASHVILLE, TN
$6,600
Jun 11, 2024
3
CRABBE, JENNELL
HOMEMAKERHOMEMAKER
IndividualCLARKSVILLE, TN
$6,600
Feb 9, 2023
4
CRABBE, JOHN
SELFCONSTRUCTION
IndividualCLARKSVILLE, TN
$6,600
Feb 9, 2023
5
EVANS, BARBARA
HOMEMAKERHOMEMAKER
IndividualHENDERSONVILLE, TN
$6,600
Mar 10, 2023
6
EVANS, JOHN
PRESIDENTPRESIDENT
IndividualHENDERSONVILLE, TN
$6,600
Mar 10, 2023
7
KEMMERER, KAREN
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualJACKSON, WY
$6,600
May 16, 2023
8
GONTOWNIK, YONI
GICVICE PRESIDENT
IndividualENGLEWOOD, NJ
$6,600
Aug 1, 2024
9
SCARLETT, JOE
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualNASHVILLE, TN
$6,600
Sep 9, 2024
10
UIHLEIN, RICHARD
ULINECHAIRMAN
IndividualLAKE FOREST, IL
$5,800
Jan 26, 2023

Rep. Haridopolos, Mike [R-FL-8]

ID: H001099

Top Contributors

10

1
JARNES, LARRY
NORTHBORO BUILDERS INCBUILDER
IndividualMELBOURNE, FL
$9,900
May 20, 2024
2
FARINELLA, NICK
SELF-EMPLOYEDREALTOR
IndividualMELBOURNE, FL
$3,518
May 6, 2024
3
HILL, KEVIN
RE/MAX ALTERNATIVEREALTOR
IndividualINDIAN HARBOUR BEA, FL
$3,518
May 6, 2024
4
MOLLEN, JACK
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualMELBOURNE, FL
$3,518
May 17, 2024
5
SHOULDERS, KATHY
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualINDIAN HARBOUR BEA, FL
$3,518
May 21, 2024
6
SHOULDERS, WILLIAM
HANDEX CONSULTING REMEDIATIONEXECUTIVE
IndividualINDIAN HARBOUR BEA, FL
$3,518
Apr 30, 2024
7
BERRY, JAMES
DELTA AIR LINESPILOT
IndividualMELBOURNE, FL
$3,435
Sep 10, 2024
8
DANDRIDGE, STEPHANIE
SOTHEBYSREALTOR
IndividualINDIALANTIC, FL
$3,435
Sep 19, 2024
9
FLACHS, BRUCE
PRESCIENT NATIONALINSURANCE
IndividualVERO BEACH, FL
$3,435
Sep 4, 2024
10
MARUMOTO, ALAN K.
UNIVERSITY CENTER IMAGINGPHYSICIAN
IndividualINDIALANTIC, FL
$3,435
Sep 13, 2024

Rep. Davis, Donald G. [D-NC-1]

ID: D000230

Top Contributors

10

1
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
Mar 5, 2024
2
TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA
OrganizationMARKSVILLE, LA
$2,000
Dec 31, 2023
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Jun 6, 2023
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
May 13, 2024
5
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLAKESIDE, CA
$1,500
May 31, 2023
6
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$1,000
Dec 28, 2023
7
FISHER, DEBORAH
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualCOEUR D ALENE, ID
$4,000
Jul 29, 2024
8
BLOOM, BRADLEY
BERKSHIRE PARTNERS LLCINVESTMENTS
IndividualWELLESLEY, MA
$3,300
Oct 31, 2024
9
BRAUFMAN, JILL
NOT EMPLOYEDRETIRED
IndividualSURFSIDE, FL
$3,300
Oct 18, 2024
10
CLAPP, STEPHEN
SELF EMPLOYEDRANCHER
IndividualSEQUIM, WA
$3,300
Oct 30, 2024

Rep. Fields, Cleo [D-LA-6]

ID: F000110

Top Contributors

10

1
TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA
OrganizationMARKSVILLE, LA
$5,000
Aug 27, 2024
2
WARD, AJ
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualWESTWEGO, LA
$6,600
Aug 19, 2024
3
AGRESTI, JOE
DREAM MOTOR GROUPCEO
IndividualSPRING, TX
$6,600
Aug 23, 2024
4
MURPHY, PEYTON
MURPHY LAW FIRMATTORNEY
IndividualBATON ROUGE, LA
$6,600
Aug 27, 2024
5
LEFEBVRE, DALE
ANVIL 1, LLCCHARIMAN
IndividualST THOMAS, VI
$6,600
Oct 22, 2024
6
BONTON, LAMIESA
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualBATON ROUGE, LA
$5,000
Aug 27, 2024
7
PRICE, TEDDY
RED RIVER BANKBOARD MEMBER
IndividualWINNFIELD, LA
$5,000
Aug 15, 2024
8
ALVENDIA, RODERICK
ALVENDIA, KELLY, AND DEMAREST LLCOWNER
IndividualNEW ORLEANS, LA
$5,000
Oct 28, 2024
9
DUPRE, REGGIE
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualLAFAYETTE, LA
$3,500
Oct 17, 2024
10
DA SILVA, EMILY
THE PICARD GROUPGOVERNMENT RELATIONS
IndividualARLINGTON, VA
$3,300
Jul 22, 2024

Rep. Evans, Gabe [R-CO-8]

ID: E000300

Top Contributors

10

1
WRIGHT, ELIZABETH
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualENGLEWOOD, CO
$6,600
Jun 29, 2024
2
WOODWARD, JOHN
SPIERER WOODWARDATTORNEY
IndividualGREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO
$6,600
Sep 19, 2023
3
BERGSTROM, ROBERT
BT CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
IndividualFORT LUPTON, CO
$6,600
Oct 13, 2024
4
ERICKSON, GARY
EXECUTIVE CUSTOM CONSTRUCTIONGENERAL CONTRACTOR
IndividualCOLORADO SPRINGS, CO
$6,600
Oct 15, 2024
5
HASELDEN, BYRON
HASELDEN CONSTRUCTIONCEO
IndividualCENTENNIAL, CO
$6,600
Oct 14, 2024
6
HASELDEN, EDDIE
HASELDEN CONSTRUCTIONCHAIRMAN
IndividualCENTENNIAL, CO
$6,600
Oct 14, 2024
7
HASELDEN, MIKE
HASELDEN CONSTRUCTIONCO-CHAIRMAN
IndividualENGLEWOOD, CO
$6,600
Oct 14, 2024
8
WAGNER, BRUCE
WAGNER EQUIPMENTPRES
IndividualLITTLETON, CO
$5,000
Sep 20, 2024
9
DUKE, D. A.
RETIREDRETIRED
IndividualENGLEWOOD, CO
$5,000
Oct 9, 2024
10
MCDONALD, BRUCE
MCDONALD INSURANCE GROUPOWNER
IndividualLITTLETON, CO
$3,868
Sep 30, 2024

Rep. Riley, Josh [D-NY-19]

ID: R000622

Top Contributors

10

1
HOPE SPRINGS FARM
OrganizationROXBURY, NY
$3,300
Aug 20, 2024
2
THE PLANTSMEN NURSERY
OrganizationGROTON, NY
$500
Oct 11, 2024
3
FLOWERS BY ORZEL
OrganizationWHITNEY POINT, NY
$300
May 6, 2024
4
FLOWERS BY ORZEL
OrganizationWHITNEY POINT, NY
$300
Jun 5, 2024
5
HOPE SPRINGS FARM
OrganizationROXBURY, NY
$50
Sep 13, 2024
6
KIRK, CLAY KENAN
SELF-EMPLOYEDINVESTOR
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Sep 23, 2024
7
KIRK, GARRETT JR
SELF-EMPLOYEDINVESTOR
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Sep 23, 2024
8
TRONE, DAVID J.
IndividualPOTOMAC, MD
$6,600
Jan 21, 2024
9
LANDEGGGER, GEORGE F.
IndividualRYE BROOK, NY
$5,000
Jul 31, 2024
10
FAIVUS, HARRY
SELF-EMPLOYEDPHYSICIAN
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$5,000
Oct 28, 2024

Rep. Craig, Angie [D-MN-2]

ID: C001119

Top Contributors

10

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Oct 30, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
May 23, 2024
3
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS
OrganizationCHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024
4
PRAIRIE ISLAND TRIBAL COUNCIL
OrganizationWELCH, MN
$3,300
Oct 21, 2024
5
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationMARICOPA, AZ
$3,300
Mar 31, 2023
6
AK-CHIN INDIAN COMMUNITY
OrganizationMARICOPA, AZ
$2,500
Sep 24, 2024
7
THE MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$1,000
Jun 30, 2024
8
FISCHER, FRANK
NOT EMPLOYEDNOT EMPLOYED
IndividualATHERTON, CA
$6,600
Mar 21, 2024
9
MAKOWER, JOSH
STANFORD UNIVERSITYPROFESSOR
IndividualLOS ALTOS HILLS, CA
$6,600
Mar 19, 2024
10
BOWEN, DAVID
NOT EMPLOYEDRETIRED
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$6,600
Apr 22, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

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Showing 51 nodes and 35 connections (45 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $146,536

Top Donors - Rep. Higgins, Clay [R-LA-3]

Showing top 16 donors by contribution amount

16 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 4 helped.

  • Section 3(a)(2)(A) explicitly lists artificial intelligence, machine learning, high-performance computing, quantum information sciences, and other emerging technologies as categories to be tested, directly benefiting AI and cloud infrastructure providers.

  • +Telecommunicationsconfidence 0.80

    Section 3(a)(2)(A) requires testing of at least 5 types of nonintrusive inspection technology enhancements, including AI, machine learning, high-performance computing, quantum information sciences, and other emerging technologies. This creates opportunities for telecom and technology firms providing such technologies.

  • +Cybersecurityconfidence 0.70

    Section 3(a)(4) mandates data privacy protections, including adherence to privacy laws, data anonymization, and regular audits, creating demand for cybersecurity services to ensure compliance.

  • Section 3(c)(3) includes a plan to utilize new technologies across all land ports of entry, including total costs and infrastructure improvements, which may involve construction and engineering firms for deployment.

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.

Introduction

Moderate61.3%
Pages: 742-744

— 710 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise in-house law enforcement capabilities via the return of the United States Coast Guard and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. Bringing these agencies back from the Department of Homeland Security and the Depart- ment of Justice, respectively, would allow Treasury, in the case of U.S. Coast Guard, to increase border security via a vigilance with respect to economic crimes (for example, drug smuggling and tax evasion). U.S. Trade and Development Agency. Congress should eliminate the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA). The USTDA is intended to help com- panies create U.S. jobs through the export of U.S. goods and services for priority development projects in emerging economies. The USTDA links U.S. businesses to export opportunities by funding project planning activities, pilot projects, and reverse-trade missions while creating sustainable infrastructure and economic growth in partner countries. These activities more properly belong to the private sector. The best way to promote trade and development is to reduce tariff and non-tariff trade barriers. Another way is to reduce the federal budget deficit, and thereby federal borrowing from abroad, freeing more foreign dollars to be spent on U.S. exports instead of federal treasury bonds. Other Issues. Many Treasury Department issues cut across multiple parts of Treasury or other governmental agencies. Several are discussed in this chapter, but not all can be covered here in depth. Other issues of concern include China, cybersecurity, digital assets, digital services taxes, international debt defaults, Iran, Social Security and Medicare Trust Funds and private sector pensions, sanctions policy, and treasury auction and debt issuance. AUTHORS’ NOTE: The preparation of this chapter was a collective enterprise of individuals involved in the 2025 Presidential Transition Project. All contributors to this chapter are listed at the front of this volume, but Monica Crowley, Tom Dans, John Berlau, Austin Bramwell, Preston Brashers, Alexandra Harrison Gaiser, Nathan Hitchen, Adam Korzeniewski, and Jonathan Moy deserve special mention. The authors alone assume responsibility for the content of this chapter, and no views expressed herein should be attributed to any other individual. — 711 — Department of the Treasury ENDNOTES 1. EJ Antoni, “Biden Keeps Making Claims About the Economy That Just Aren’t True. These Facts Don’t Lie,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, February 8, 2023, https://www.heritage.org/markets-and-finance/ commentary/biden-keeps-making-claims-about-the-economy-just-arent-true-these. 2. “Fidelity 2022 Retirement Analysis: In the Midst of Inflation and Uncertainty, Retirement Account Balances Are Rising,” table, “Average Retirement Account Balances,” February 23, 2023, https://newsroom.fidelity.com/ pressreleases/fidelity--2022-retirement-analysis--in-the-midst-of-inflation-and-uncertainty--retirement- account-ba/s/095bb4a8-cf3a-484e-a911-bc0c61c460ff (accessed March 22, 2023). 3. See U.S. Department of the Treasury, Fiscal Year 2022–2026 Strategic Plan and Budget Request for FY 2023, 2022, https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/266/COMBINED-CJ-Web-Version-FY-2023.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 4. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Agency Financial Report: Fiscal Year 2015, November 16, 2015, p.4 https:// home.treasury.gov/system/files/266/AFR-FY15-508.pdf (accessed March 19, 2023). 5. Domestic Finance, U.S. Department of the Treasury https://home.treasury.gov/about/offices/domestic-finance. 6. U.S. Constitution, art. I, sec. 9. 7. Ibid., p. ES 1. 8. Including direct and reimbursable employees. See ibid., “Fiscal Year Comparison of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Staffing (Direct and Reimbursable),” p. ES 4. 9. U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Offices,” https://home.treasury.gov/about/offices (accessed March 18, 2023). 10. U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Bureaus,” https://home.treasury.gov/about/bureaus (accessed March 18, 2023). 11. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Inspector General, “Overview,” https://oig.treasury.gov (accessed March 19, 2023). 12. William M (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Public Law 116–283, §§ 6001–6511. 13. See, for example, Timothy Vermeer, “The Impact of Individual Income Tax Changes on Economic Growth,” Tax Foundation Fiscal Fact No. 793, June 2022, https://files.taxfoundation.org/20220610142519/The-Impact-of- Individual-Income-Tax-Changes-on-Economic-Growth-2.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023), and Karel Mertens and José Luis Montiel Olea, “Marginal Tax Rates and Income: New Time Series Evidence,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 133, No. 4 (November 2018), pp. 1803–1884. 14. The current tax system is not neutral toward investment. This neutrality criterion is sometimes expressed as ensuring that the private rate of return equals the social rate of return, that the tax system does not raise the user cost of capital, that all factor incomes are taxed once and equally, that the tax system defines income properly, or that the tax is a consumption tax. For the basic user cost of capital analysis with taxes, see Robert E. Hall and Dale W. Jorgenson, “Tax Policy and Investment Behavior,” American Economic Review, Vol. 57, No. 3 (June, 1967), pp. 391–414, https://web.stanford.edu/~rehall/Tax-Policy-AER-June-1967.pdf (accessed March 19, 2023). See also Kevin A. Hassett and Kathryn Newmark, “Taxation and Business Behavior: A Review of the Recent Literature,” in John W. Diamond and George R. Zodrow, eds., Fundamental Tax Reform: Issues, Choices, and Implications (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), and Alan J. Auerbach, “Taxation and Capital Spending,” University of California, Berkeley, September 2005, http://eml.berkeley.edu//~auerbach/capitalspending.pdf (accessed March 19, 2023). 15. Scott A. Hodge, “The Compliance Costs of IRS Regulations,” Tax Foundation Fiscal Fact No. 512, June 2016, https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/TaxFoundation_FF512.pdf (accessed March 19, 2023), and Jason J. Fichtner and Jacob M. Feldman, “The Hidden Costs of Tax Compliance,” Mercatus Center, May 20, 2013, https:// papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2267971 (accessed March 19, 2023). 16. In formal terms, tax policy should seek to minimize the excess burden or deadweight loss of the tax system. See John Creedy, “The Excess Burden of Taxation and Why it (Approximately) Quadruples When the Tax Rate Doubles,” New Zealand Treasury Working Paper No. 03/29, December 2003, https://www.econstor.eu/ bitstream/10419/205534/1/twp2003-29.pdf (accessed March 19, 2023). See also, for example, N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 4th ed. (South-Western College Pub, 2006), ch. 8, or many other textbooks on price theory, microeconomics, or principles of economics.

Introduction

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Pages: 171-173

— 139 — Department of Homeland Security also simultaneously add efficiencies to our nation’s capacity to facilitate lawful trade and travel. The BSIA should establish clear mission requirements, responsibilities, and mandates under existing law regarding the persistent need for and utilization of U.S. military personnel and resources to assist BSIA with increasing whole-of-gov- ernment efforts and long-term strategy to secure our nation’s borders effectively. In addition, appropriate elements within the newly created BSIA should be desig- nated as part of the U.S. National Security and Intelligence Community. A conservative Administration should eliminate any prohibitive guidance, direction, or mandate from DHS or the Administration that curtails or limits CBP from publishing detailed border security and enforcement data not impacting intelligence, interdiction, and investigative operations, methods, or sources. DHS should issue a regulation mandating that CBP publish accurate and timely border security data, readily available to the public, on a regular basis that avoid White House and DHS leadership review and approval. The White House should grant the authority for CBP and DHS executives to utilize component aviation assets under the Office of Air and Marine (OAM). CBP and DHS have worldwide missions with personnel and facilities that are deployed across the globe and in every state in the U.S. With a CBP workforce alone of more than 60,000 people (240,000-plus for DHS) encompassing more than a thousand sea, land, and airports, it is essential that the Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, Secretary, and Deputy Secretary can travel efficiently to facilities to maintain appropriate situational awareness across the department’s vast mission set and interact with the expansive workforce. Although CBP operates one of the largest aviation components of any domestic U.S. law enforcement agency, executives are prohibited from utilizing the agency’s aviation assets to facilitate official travel. Executives are required to fly on commercial airlines, and this requirement sig- nificantly limits their ability to have classified communications and takes them offline for extended periods of time. Border Patrol (BP) and OAM should be combined within CBP. BP has more than 20,000 personnel, and OAM has approximately 1,800. OAM’s assets are dedicated in support of BP operations the vast majority of the time, yet redundant approv- als, strategies, and independent hierarchal commands serve as impediments to efficient and practical resource deployments. CBP should restart and expand use of the horseback-mounted Border Patrol. As part of this announcement, the Secretary should clear the records and personnel files of those who were falsely accused by Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas of whip- ping migrants and issue a formal apology on behalf of DHS and CBP. The Secretary should combine the Office of Trade (OT) and Trade Relations with the Office of Field Operations (OFO). The OT is the smallest of CBP’s compo- nents, and its operational counterpart, OFO, has a workforce of more than 30,000. — 140 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise OT’s function is interwoven with that of its OFO operational counterpart. Combin- ing OT with OFO would achieve streamlined operations and increase OT’s capacity and capability by leveraging OFO’s expansive resources. CBP, ICE, and USCIS all have authority to issue Notices to Appear (NTA) to removable aliens in their presence, which begins removal proceedings. In most instances, CBP should turn illegal aliens over to ICE for detention, and ICE can then issue any needed NTA. CBP should issue NTAs only in limited situations for humanitarian reasons, such as medical emergencies. In addition, CBP should eliminate use of Notices to Report (NTR) altogether. CBP’s established national standards of Transport, Escort, Detention, and Search (TEDS) have been widely interpreted and expanded by lower courts. This has resulted in unrealistic and differing detention standards for CBP facilities based on the jurisdiction within which they fall, negatively impacting operations. ICE has suffered similarly. A single nationwide detention standard should be codified that prevents individual states from mandating that federal government agencies adhere to widely expansive and ever-changing sets of standards. Such standards should allow the flexibility to use large numbers of temporary facilities such as tents. The annual costs associated with establishing and maintaining temporary facil- ities to address the flow of illegal migration and associated care, transportation, and processing are prohibitive, and CBP’s budget is inadequate. CBP is forced to forgo critical mission-essential endeavors to fund the additional associated costs. Often, this requires the reprogramming of funding at the DHS level, which has a negative impact on other DHS components’ operations. This predictable cost that has to be paid from existing CBP and DHS funding levels reduces CBP’s operational readiness and ability to accomplish its diverse and critical missions to protect the American people. The next President should request a realistic budget that fully pays for these costs. Increased funding is needed for BP to hire additional support personnel, which would relieve uniformed BP agents from administrative duties associated with processing aliens and allow them to return to their national security mission. Congress should increase funding for facility upgrades at strategic land Ports of Entry (POEs), including expanding state-of-the-art technology such as Non-Intru- sive Inspection equipment. Today, the cartels exploit the aging facilities and lack of adequate technology to smuggle illicit drugs, contraband, and more successfully through our nation’s POEs. U.S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT (ICE) Needed Reforms Since the formation of DHS, ICE has increasingly been tasked with auxiliary missions that have little or nothing to do with either immigration or customs

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Policy matches are calculated using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text. A score of 60% or higher indicates meaningful thematic overlap. This does not imply direct causation or intent, but highlights areas where legislation aligns with Project 2025 policy objectives.

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