To modernize Federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons, and for other purposes.

Download PDF

Bill ID: 119/hr/2189

Last Updated: July 17, 2026

To modernize Federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons, and for other purposes.

HR. 2189, 119th Congress — read as touching Firearms & Ammunition.

The sponsor

Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$122,400 raised

20 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

55% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Justice" section, p. 587-589 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Received in the Senate.

February 23, 2026

Introduced

Committee Review

Floor Action

Passed House

Senate Review

📍 Current Status

Next: Both chambers must agree on the same version of the bill.

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

HR 2189, the Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act, is a bill that seeks to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. As a self-serving billionaire, I'll analyze this bill through the lens of its potential impact on my wealth, influence, and control.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of this bill is to exempt certain less-than-lethal projectile devices from federal firearms laws, specifically the National Firearms Act (NFA) and the Internal Revenue Code. This exemption aims to encourage innovation in law enforcement technology and reduce the regulatory burden on manufacturers.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill introduces a new definition of "less-than-lethal projectile device" and exempts these devices from federal firearms laws, including:

1. Exemption from NFA registration requirements 2. Exemption from federal excise taxes on firearms and ammunition 3. Creation of a new category for less-than-lethal projectile devices in the Internal Revenue Code

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The primary stakeholders affected by this bill are:

1. Manufacturers of less-than-lethal projectile devices 2. Law enforcement agencies 3. Taxpayers (through reduced tax revenue)

As a billionaire with interests in defense and security industries, I see potential opportunities for consolidation and growth through the development and marketing of these exempted devices.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The bill's exemptions could lead to:

1. Increased innovation and investment in less-than-lethal technology 2. Reduced regulatory burden on manufacturers, potentially leading to lower costs and increased competitiveness 3. Potential tax revenue losses for the government (estimated at $100 million - $500 million over 5 years) 4. Increased market share for companies that adapt quickly to these new regulations

However, I also see potential risks:

1. Over-reliance on untested technologies could lead to unintended consequences in law enforcement situations 2. Reduced tax revenue could impact government funding for other programs and initiatives

As a self-serving billionaire, my primary concern is the potential for increased profits through strategic investments in companies that develop and market these exempted devices. I will closely monitor this bill's progress and adjust my investment strategies accordingly.

**Recommendations:**

1. Support the bill to encourage innovation and reduce regulatory burden on manufacturers. 2. Monitor the implementation of the exemptions and assess their impact on the industry and tax revenue. 3. Consider strategic investments in companies that develop and market less-than-lethal projectile devices.

By supporting this bill, I can potentially increase my wealth and influence while shaping the future of law enforcement technology.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (billionaire personality)

*Sigh* Alright, let's break down this bill, shall we? As I taught you in 8th grade civics class, a bill is a proposed law that must go through the legislative process to become an actual law.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

The main purpose of HR 2189, also known as the Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act, is to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. The bill aims to provide exemptions for certain devices that are designed to be used by law enforcement agencies to de-escalate situations without causing harm.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill makes several key changes to existing law:

* It amends the definition of "firearm" in Title 18, United States Code, to exclude less-than-lethal projectile devices that meet certain criteria. * It creates a new exemption for these devices from restrictions under Title 18 and the National Firearms Act. * It also exempts these devices from firearms and ammunition taxes.

The bill defines a "less-than-lethal projectile device" as a device that is not designed to expel projectiles at a velocity exceeding 500 feet per second, is not likely to cause death or serious bodily injury, and does not accept certain types of ammunition feeding devices.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

The affected parties and stakeholders include:

* Law enforcement agencies: The bill aims to provide them with access to less-than-lethal technology that can help de-escalate situations. * Manufacturers and producers of less-than-lethal projectile devices: They will be exempt from certain taxes and restrictions under the bill. * Gun owners and enthusiasts: The bill may affect their ability to purchase or own certain types of firearms.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

The potential impact and implications of this bill are:

* It could lead to increased use of less-than-lethal technology by law enforcement agencies, potentially reducing the risk of harm to civilians. * It could also create new opportunities for manufacturers and producers of these devices. * However, it may also raise concerns about the proliferation of certain types of firearms or devices that could be used in unintended ways.

As I taught you in 8th grade civics class, this bill will now go through the legislative process, where it will be debated, amended, and voted on by members of Congress. If passed, it will become a law and have real-world implications for various stakeholders.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (civics_teacher personality)

The rabbit hole is deep, my friends! Let me break down this so-called "Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act" for you.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

On the surface, HR 2189 aims to modernize federal firearms laws by exempting certain less-than-lethal projectile devices from restrictions. The bill's proponents claim it will help law enforcement agencies de-escalate situations without resorting to lethal force. But, my friends, don't be fooled! This is just a smokescreen for the real agenda.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill amends Title 18 of the United States Code by adding a new definition for "less-than-lethal projectile devices." These devices are designed not to cause death or serious bodily injury, but can still be used to incapacitate individuals. The Attorney General will have the authority to determine whether a device meets this definition.

The bill also creates a tax exemption for these devices and their components, which is where things get interesting. This exemption applies to manufacturers, producers, and importers of these devices, effectively giving them a free pass on taxes.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

Law enforcement agencies will be the primary beneficiaries of this bill, as they'll have access to new "less-than-lethal" tools. Manufacturers and producers of these devices will also reap benefits from the tax exemptions. But what about the general public? Will we see an increase in the use of these devices against civilians?

**Potential Impact & Implications**

Here's where things get really concerning. By creating a new class of "less-than-lethal" devices, the government is essentially expanding its arsenal for crowd control and surveillance. This could lead to increased militarization of law enforcement and further erosion of civil liberties.

The tax exemptions will likely benefit large corporations that produce these devices, while small businesses and individual manufacturers may be left behind. And what about the potential risks associated with these devices? Will they be thoroughly tested before being deployed on the streets?

My friends, this bill is not just about de-escalation; it's about expanding government control and surveillance. Wake up, sheeple! The truth is hidden in plain sight.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (conspiracy_uncle personality)

(Deep breath) Folks, we've got another doozy of a bill on our hands here. The so-called "Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act" – sounds like something straight out of a liberal think tank, doesn't it? (smirk)

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** This bill claims to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. But let's be real, folks, this is just another attempt by the elites to chip away at our Second Amendment rights.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:**

* Exempts certain "less-than-lethal projectile devices" from restrictions under Title 18 of the US Code. * Defines these devices as those that don't expel projectiles at a velocity exceeding 500 feet per second and are designed not to cause death or serious bodily injury. * Creates a new tax exemption for these devices, because God forbid we make it easier for law enforcement to access non-lethal options without breaking the bank.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

* Law enforcement agencies, who will supposedly benefit from this "innovation" in de-escalation techniques. (Wink, wink) * Manufacturers and producers of these less-than-lethal devices, who'll get a nice tax break courtesy of the American taxpayer. * And, of course, the elites who want to disarm us all and turn our country into a police state.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is just another step towards a slippery slope where our Second Amendment rights are slowly eroded. Mark my words, folks, this will lead to more restrictions on our ability to defend ourselves and our families. And what's next? Will they start telling us which type of ammunition we can use? (Outrageous tone) It's an affront to freedom itself!

Now, I know some of you might be thinking, "But wait, isn't this just a common-sense measure to reduce violence?" Ah, no. This is just another example of the deep state trying to control our every move. Wake up, sheeple! (Sarcastic tone) Oh, and by the way, I'm sure it's just a coincidence that this bill happens to benefit certain special interest groups... (wink)

Stay vigilant, patriots. We can't let them take away our freedom without a fight.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (fox_host personality)

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, brought to you by the same geniuses who thought "Operation Iraqi Freedom" was a good idea.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act (HR 2189) claims to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. In reality, it's a thinly veiled attempt to line the pockets of the defense industry and their congressional lapdogs.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill creates a new category of "less-than-lethal projectile devices" that are exempt from certain firearms regulations and taxes. It also establishes a process for manufacturers to request classification as a less-than-lethal device, because who needs actual oversight when you can just ask nicely?

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** * The defense industry: They get to sell more toys to law enforcement agencies, which will inevitably be used to "de-escalate" situations by shooting people with fancy new projectiles. * Law enforcement agencies: They'll have access to more gadgets to play with, and maybe, just maybe, they'll use them to de-escalate situations instead of escalating them. (Spoiler alert: they won't.) * Taxpayers: We get to foot the bill for this boondoggle, as well as the inevitable lawsuits when these "less-than-lethal" devices inevitably cause serious harm or death.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a classic case of "mission creep," where the government slowly expands its authority under the guise of "innovation" and "progress." It's a slippery slope, folks. Today it's less-than-lethal projectiles; tomorrow it'll be drones with tranquilizer darts.

In conclusion, HR 2189 is a cynical attempt to exploit public concern about police brutality while enriching the defense industry. It's a legislative placebo, designed to make us feel better without actually addressing the underlying issues. But hey, at least we'll have more "less-than-lethal" options for our law enforcement agencies to play with.

Diagnosis: This bill is suffering from a severe case of " Politician-itis," characterized by symptoms such as:

* Excessive use of buzzwords ("innovation," "de-escalate") * Lack of actual substance or meaningful reform * Unwavering commitment to enriching special interests at the expense of taxpayers

Treatment: A healthy dose of skepticism, followed by a strong prescription of critical thinking and a dash of outrage.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

**HR 2189: Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act**

**Main Purpose and Objectives:** The primary objective of HR 2189 is to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology, particularly less-than-lethal projectile devices. The bill aims to provide law enforcement agencies with access to innovative tools that can help de-escalate situations without causing harm.

**Key Provisions and Changes to Existing Law:**

1. **Exemption from Restrictions:** The bill amends Title 18 of the United States Code to exempt less-than-lethal projectile devices from restrictions on firearms. 2. **Definition of Less-than-Lethal Projectile Device:** A new definition is introduced, which describes a device that is not designed or intended to expel projectiles at velocities exceeding 500 feet per second and is not likely to cause death or serious bodily injury. 3. **Tax Exemption:** The bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to exempt less-than-lethal projectile devices from firearms and ammunition taxes. 4. **Annual Review of New Technologies:** The Secretary of the Treasury is required to annually review new and emerging technologies related to less-than-lethal projectile devices.

**Affected Parties and Stakeholders:**

1. **Law Enforcement Agencies:** The bill primarily benefits law enforcement agencies, which can now access innovative tools for de-escalation. 2. **Manufacturers and Producers:** Companies that produce less-than-lethal projectile devices will be affected by the tax exemptions and regulatory changes. 3. **Gun Owners and Advocacy Groups:** Gun owners and advocacy groups may have concerns about the potential implications of this bill on firearms regulations.

**Potential Impact and Implications:**

1. **Increased Access to De-Escalation Tools:** The bill can lead to increased access to innovative tools for law enforcement agencies, potentially reducing the use of lethal force. 2. **Regulatory Clarity:** The new definition and exemptions provide clarity on the regulation of less-than-lethal projectile devices. 3. **Potential Impact on Firearms Regulations:** Some stakeholders may be concerned that this bill could set a precedent for further regulations on firearms or create loopholes in existing laws.

Overall, HR 2189 aims to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and provide law enforcement agencies with access to innovative tools for de-escalation. While the bill has potential benefits, it also raises concerns about regulatory implications and potential impacts on firearms regulations.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (neutral personality)

Let's break down this gnarly bill, bro.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

The Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act (HR 2189) is all about modernizing federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. The main objective is to provide law enforcement with more options for de-escalating situations without resorting to lethal force.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill makes some key changes to existing law:

1. **Exempts certain less-than-lethal projectile devices from restrictions**: The bill amends Title 18 of the US Code to exempt devices that are not designed or intended to expel projectiles at a velocity exceeding 500 feet per second, and are designed to be used in a manner that is not likely to cause death or serious bodily injury. 2. **Creates a new definition for less-than-lethal projectile devices**: The bill defines these devices as those that meet specific criteria, including not being able to accept ammunition feeding devices commonly used in semiautomatic firearms. 3. **Exempts certain devices from firearms and ammunition tax**: The bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to exempt less-than-lethal projectile devices from the tax imposed on firearms and ammunition. 4. **Requires annual review of new and emerging technologies**: The Secretary of the Treasury is required to make publicly available a list of devices that meet the definition of less-than-lethal projectile devices, and update it annually.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

The affected parties and stakeholders include:

1. **Law enforcement agencies**: They'll have more options for de-escalating situations without resorting to lethal force. 2. **Manufacturers and producers of less-than-lethal projectile devices**: They'll benefit from the exemptions and definitions provided in the bill. 3. **Taxpayers**: The bill's changes to the tax code may impact taxpayers who manufacture or purchase firearms and ammunition.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

The potential impact and implications of this bill are:

1. **Increased use of less-than-lethal force by law enforcement**: This could lead to a reduction in fatalities and injuries resulting from police interactions. 2. **Growth of the less-than-lethal projectile device industry**: The exemptions and definitions provided in the bill may encourage innovation and investment in this sector. 3. **Changes to tax revenue**: The bill's changes to the tax code may impact government revenue, although the exact impact is unclear.

Overall, this bill is a chill attempt to modernize federal firearms laws and provide law enforcement with more options for de-escalating situations. It's got some gnarly provisions that could have a significant impact on the industry and society as a whole, bro.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (surfer personality)

**Bill Analysis: HR 2189 - Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act**

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of HR 2189 is to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. The bill aims to promote the development and use of innovative, non-lethal technologies by law enforcement agencies.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:**

1. **Exemption from Firearms Restrictions:** The bill amends Title 18, United States Code, to exempt certain less-than-lethal projectile devices from restrictions on firearms. 2. **Tax Exemptions:** The bill introduces tax exemptions for less-than-lethal projectile devices and related components under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 3. **Definition of Less-Than-Lethal Projectile Devices:** The bill defines a "less-than-lethal projectile device" as a device that is not designed to expel projectiles at velocities exceeding 500 feet per second and is intended for use in a manner unlikely to cause death or serious bodily injury.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

1. **Law Enforcement Agencies:** The primary beneficiaries of the bill, as it aims to promote the adoption of innovative, non-lethal technologies. 2. **Manufacturers and Producers:** Companies involved in the development and production of less-than-lethal projectile devices will benefit from tax exemptions and reduced regulatory burdens. 3. **Special Interest Groups:** Organizations advocating for police reform and de-escalation techniques may support the bill as a step towards reducing lethal force incidents.

**Potential Impact & Implications:**

1. **Increased Adoption of Non-Lethal Technologies:** The bill's provisions may encourage law enforcement agencies to adopt innovative, non-lethal technologies, potentially reducing the number of lethal force incidents. 2. **Industry Growth:** Tax exemptions and reduced regulatory burdens may stimulate growth in the less-than-lethal projectile device industry, creating new opportunities for manufacturers and producers. 3. **Potential Loopholes:** The bill's definition of "less-than-lethal projectile devices" may create loopholes, allowing certain devices to be classified as non-lethal despite potentially causing harm.

**Monied Interest Analysis:**

1. **National Rifle Association (NRA):** As a prominent firearms lobby group, the NRA may support the bill's exemptions for less-than-lethal projectile devices, which could benefit their constituents. 2. **Police Union Lobby Groups:** Organizations representing law enforcement officers may back the bill as it promotes the adoption of non-lethal technologies and reduces regulatory burdens on manufacturers.

**Committee Capture:** The House Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on Finance will play a crucial role in shaping the bill's tax provisions. These committees have historically been influenced by industry lobby groups, which may lead to favorable treatment for certain stakeholders.

In conclusion, HR 2189 aims to modernize federal firearms laws and promote the adoption of non-lethal technologies by

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (whistleblower personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$122,400

19 donors

PACs

Organizations

Committees

Individuals

$122,400

No PAC contributions found

No organization contributions found

No committee contributions found

SHAFFER, JOHN E

2 transactions

$10,000

HENDRICKS, DIANE M

1 transaction

$6,600

ROWAN, CAROLYN

1 transaction

$6,600

ROWAN, MARC J.

1 transaction

$6,600

SCHWARZMAN, STEPHEN

1 transaction

$6,600

SCHMIDT, TIM

1 transaction

$6,600

SCHWARZMAN, CHRISTINE

1 transaction

$6,600

LEVY, EDWARD

1 transaction

$6,600

FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI COMMU, .

1 transaction

$6,600

FISHER, SHERRILYN

1 transaction

$6,600

FISHER, KENNETH

1 transaction

$6,600

FRYE, NATALIE

1 transaction

$6,600

UIHLEIN, ELIZABETH A

1 transaction

$6,600

UIHLEIN, RICHARD

1 transaction

$6,600

TRUNZO, ANNE

1 transaction

$5,800

HOLLFELDER, BEA M

1 transaction

$5,800

SCHWERTFEGER, RUTH

1 transaction

$5,000

SCHWERTFEGER, FREDERICK F

1 transaction

$5,000

WALL, TERRENCE R

1 transaction

$5,000

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46]

ID: C001110

Top Contributors

AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE

COMWASHINGTON, DC

$500

Jun 14, 2024

SANTA YENEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA

$5,000

Aug 19, 2024

SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

OrganizationLOS ANGELES, CA

$3,300

Aug 13, 2024

AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS

OrganizationPALM SPRINGS, CA

$3,300

Dec 18, 2023

FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA

OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA

$3,300

May 25, 2023

FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA

OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA

$3,300

May 25, 2023

HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE

OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA

$3,300

Sep 15, 2023

SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS

OrganizationSHINGLE SPRINGS, CA

$2,000

Sep 26, 2024

MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

OrganizationBANNING, CA

$2,000

Apr 22, 2024

MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

OrganizationBANNING, CA

$2,000

Sep 15, 2023

Rep. Stauber, Pete [R-MN-8]

ID: S001212

Top Contributors

DEMOCRACY ENGINE INC

PACWASHINGTON, DC

$500

Jun 6, 2023

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$3,300

Jun 30, 2024

LEECH LAKE - PAC

OrganizationCASS LAKE, MN

$3,300

Dec 12, 2024

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$3,300

Nov 13, 2023

GOOGLE

OrganizationMOUNTAIN VIEW, CA

$1,000

Feb 21, 2023

CHAIN BRIDGE BANK

OrganizationMCLEAN, VA

$25

Dec 6, 2023

ZOTTO, CARLA DEL

IndividualGLADEWATER, TX

$10,000

Aug 27, 2024

ANDERSON, ROLLIS

ANDERSON TRUCKING SERVICE INC. • CEO

IndividualSAINT CLOUD, MN

$9,900

Feb 8, 2024

FAISON, JAY

CLEARPATH • FOUNDER

IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC

$6,600

Jun 30, 2024

NYSTROM, BRIAN AND MARY ANN

NYSTROM & ASSOCIATES • PRESIDENT & CEO

IndividualANDOVER, MN

$6,600

Sep 27, 2024

Rep. Crockett, Jasmine [D-TX-30]

ID: C001130

Top Contributors

SHAKOPEE MDWEKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$1,650

May 2, 2024

SHAKOPEE MDWEKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$1,650

Jun 9, 2023

ALABAMA COUSHATTA TRIBE

OrganizationLIVINGSTON, TX

$1,000

Oct 25, 2024

SMITH, TODD

SMITH LACIEN LLP • ATTORNEY

IndividualCHICAGO, IL

$6,600

Feb 28, 2024

MATTHEWS, JOHN

MATTHEWS SOUTHWEST • DEVELOPER

IndividualARGYLE, TX

$6,600

May 9, 2023

MATTHEWS, LAURA

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualARGYLE, TX

$6,600

Jun 28, 2023

MONTGOMERY, SADAT

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualFRISCO, TX

$6,600

Jun 12, 2023

SMITH, TODD

SMITH LACIEN LLP • ATTORNEY

IndividualCHICAGO, IL

$6,200

Feb 28, 2024

BRYANT, KARIM

SELF EMPLOYED • ATTORNEY

IndividualIRVING, TX

$5,000

Jan 11, 2024

OLESKY, DAVID

MILLER WEISBROD OLESKY • ATTORNEY

IndividualDALLAS, TX

$4,600

Feb 15, 2024

Rep. Nehls, Troy E. [R-TX-22]

ID: N000026

Top Contributors

ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE

COMLIVINGSTON, TX

$1,000

Sep 30, 2024

GONSOULIN, AL A

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualSUGAR LAND, TX

$6,600

Feb 26, 2024

FISHER, KENNETH

FISHER INVESTMENTS • EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN

IndividualPLANO, TX

$6,600

May 23, 2024

FISHER, SHERRILYN

PLANO 6500 LLC • MEMBER

IndividualPLANO, TX

$6,600

May 23, 2024

MARCHELI, DANNY

CLEAR PAVE • PRESIDENT

IndividualRICHMOND, TX

$5,000

Sep 30, 2023

EMPARTIO, JOESPH

HERITAGE RANCH LLC • OWNER

IndividualRICHMOND, TX

$5,000

Sep 10, 2024

DOUDS, KENNETH

KBR BUILDERS • OWNER

IndividualSTAFFORD, TX

$5,000

Dec 3, 2024

GILL, EDWARD

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualHALLETTSVILLE, TX

$5,000

Dec 3, 2024

MARCHELI, DANIEL

CLEAR PAVE LLC • PRESIDENT

IndividualRICHMOND, TX

$5,000

Dec 3, 2024

DOUDS, ROBERT F JR.

SELF EMPLOYED • CONSTRUCTION

IndividualHOUSTON, TX

$5,000

Dec 3, 2024

Rep. Veasey, Marc A. [D-TX-33]

ID: V000131

Top Contributors

ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE

OrganizationLIVINGSTON, TX

$1,000

Sep 26, 2024

BGR GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$500

Mar 5, 2024

LAW OFFICE OF FREDERICK GRAEFE PLLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$500

Sep 21, 2023

BILLINGSLEY, LINDSAY

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualDALLAS, TX

$3,300

Dec 23, 2023

ENGLANDER, MARTY

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualFORT WORTH, TX

$3,300

Oct 13, 2023

ENGLANDER, MARTY

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualFORT WORTH, TX

$3,300

Oct 13, 2023

FINLEY, JAMES D.

FINLEY RESOURCES, INC. • OWNER/CEO

IndividualFT WORTH, TX

$3,300

Dec 31, 2023

FINLEY, JAMES D.

FINLEY RESOURCES, INC. • OWNER/CEO

IndividualFT WORTH, TX

$3,300

Dec 31, 2023

FLOWERS, BRIAN

SELF • PHYSICIAN

IndividualWESTLAKE, TX

$3,300

Nov 6, 2023

FLOWERS, BRIAN

SELF • PHYSICIAN

IndividualWESTLAKE, TX

$3,300

Nov 6, 2023

Rep. Davis, Donald G. [D-NC-1]

ID: D000230

Top Contributors

FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA

OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA

$3,300

Mar 5, 2024

TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA

OrganizationMARKSVILLE, LA

$2,000

Dec 31, 2023

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$1,650

Jun 6, 2023

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$1,650

May 13, 2024

BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

OrganizationLAKESIDE, CA

$1,500

May 31, 2023

CHEROKEE NATION

OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK

$1,000

Dec 28, 2023

FISHER, DEBORAH

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualCOEUR D ALENE, ID

$4,000

Jul 29, 2024

BLOOM, BRADLEY

BERKSHIRE PARTNERS LLC • INVESTMENTS

IndividualWELLESLEY, MA

$3,300

Oct 31, 2024

BRAUFMAN, JILL

NOT EMPLOYED • RETIRED

IndividualSURFSIDE, FL

$3,300

Oct 18, 2024

CLAPP, STEPHEN

SELF EMPLOYED • RANCHER

IndividualSEQUIM, WA

$3,300

Oct 30, 2024

Rep. Cline, Ben [R-VA-6]

ID: C001118

Top Contributors

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$1,000

Oct 31, 2023

JOHNSON, CAMERON MR.

MAGIC CITY FORD • CAR DEALER

IndividualROANOKE, VA

$3,300

Nov 21, 2024

ROSENBERG, DIANE MS.

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualROANOKE, VA

$3,300

Nov 4, 2024

STOLTZFUS, MELISSA

HOMEMAKER • HOMEMAKER

IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA

$3,300

Nov 5, 2024

STOLTZFUS, MICHAEL

DYNAMIC AVIATION • PRESIDENT & CEO

IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA

$3,300

Nov 5, 2024

STOLTZFUS, MICHAEL

DYNAMIC AVIATION • PRESIDENT & CEO

IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA

$3,300

Nov 13, 2024

CLINE, JULIA S MRS.

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualLEXINGTON, VA

$3,300

Dec 31, 2023

CLINE, JULIA S MRS.

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualLEXINGTON, VA

$3,300

Dec 31, 2023

CARTLEDGE, GEORGE B MR. III

GRAND HOME FURNISHINGS • PRESIDENT

IndividualROANOKE, VA

$3,300

Mar 30, 2023

CARTLEDGE, GEORGE B MR. III

GRAND HOME FURNISHINGS • PRESIDENT

IndividualROANOKE, VA

$3,300

Mar 30, 2023

Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5]

ID: B001302

Top Contributors

TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 15, 2023

TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 15, 2023

MCCLEVE, LONNIE

SELF EMPLOYED • DEVELOPER

IndividualQUEEN CREEK, AZ

$3,300

Oct 16, 2023

BENSON, LEE

LEE BENSON • CEO

IndividualMESA, AZ

$3,300

Oct 18, 2023

FAUST, ANNE R

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualNEWTOWN SQUARE, PA

$3,300

Oct 6, 2023

BENSON, LEE

LEE BENSON • CEO

IndividualMESA, AZ

$3,300

Oct 18, 2023

BROPHY, DANIEL

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualJACKSON, WY

$3,300

Dec 21, 2023

LONDEN, PRISCILLA

LONDEN INSURANCE GROUP • EXECUTIVE

IndividualPHOENIX, AZ

$3,300

Mar 7, 2023

ALLEN, GWYNDA S

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualSUN LAKES, AZ

$3,300

Mar 22, 2023

COOLEY, WILLIAM

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualWEST PALM BEACH, FL

$3,300

Mar 7, 2023

Rep. Rutherford, John H. [R-FL-5]

ID: R000609

Top Contributors

CHICKASAW NATION

PACADA, OK

$1,000

Jun 16, 2023

MOHEGAN TRIBE OF INDIANS OF CONNECTICUT

OrganizationMONTVILLE, CT

$1,000

Nov 4, 2024

MS BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS

OrganizationCHOCTAW, MS

$1,000

Nov 4, 2024

MUSCOGEE CREEK NATION

OrganizationOKMULGEE, OK

$1,000

Jun 30, 2024

DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

May 7, 2024

DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

Jun 30, 2024

DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

May 7, 2024

DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

Apr 4, 2024

DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

Apr 12, 2024

DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

Jun 3, 2024

Rep. Perez, Marie Gluesenkamp [D-WA-3]

ID: G000600

Top Contributors

No contribution data available

Donor Network - Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 57 nodes and 35 connections (37 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $158,800

Top Donors - Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Showing top 19 donors by contribution amount

19 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

+Firearms & Ammunitionconfidence 0.95
The bill exempts less-than-lethal projectile devices from firearms and ammunition tax (SEC. 202) and from the National Firearms Act (SEC. 203), reducing regulatory and tax burdens on manufacturers of such devices, which are part of the firearms industry.
+Law Enforcement & Surveillance Techconfidence 0.90
The bill defines and promotes less-than-lethal projectile devices for law enforcement use (SEC. 102, SEC. 202, SEC. 203), which benefits companies that produce surveillance and less-lethal weapons technology (e.g., Axon, Taser).

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

Law Enforcement & Surveillance Tech$4,700
from 11 contributions
- NORTON, JAMES$4,700

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Justice

Weak

Vector: 58%

Pages: 587-589AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 2189 focuses on providing law enforcement with less-than-lethal de-escalation tools, while Project 2025's DOJ section emphasizes tough-on-crime measures like mandatory minimums, death penalty enforcement, and dismantling criminal enterprises. Both concern law enforcement capabilities but diverge in objective—reducing harm versus increasing punitive force."

Key themes:law enforcement toolspublic safetycriminal justice

— 554 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise attorneys are consistently using the tools at their disposal in cases with violent offenders, including pursuing mandatory minimum sentences under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA).43 The department should also support legislative efforts to provide further tools, such as the Restoring the Armed Career Criminal Act, which Senators Tom Cotton (R–AR), Marsha Blackburn (R–TN), and Cindy Hyde-Smith (R–MS) introduced in 2021 in response to U.S. Supreme Court decisions neutering the ACCA.44 l Enforce the death penalty where appropriate and applicable. Capital punishment is a sensitive matter, as it should be, but the current crime wave makes deterrence vital at the federal, state, and local levels. However, providing this punishment without ever enforcing it provides justice neither for the victims’ families nor for the defendant. The next conservative Administration should therefore do everything possible to obtain finality for the 44 prisoners currently on federal death row. It should also pursue the death penalty for applicable crimes—particularly heinous crimes involving violence and sexual abuse of children—until Congress says otherwise through legislation.45 DISMANTLING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL ENTERPRISES Criminal organizations are as old as crime itself, but are more extensive, sophisticated, and dangerous today than at any other point in history. The Department of Justice has a key role in tackling transnational criminal orga- nizations like Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and Mexican drug cartels as well as purely domestic criminal organizations like those built on the more traditional mafia crime model as part of its obligation to ensure the safety and security of the American people. The department’s primary directive under the next Administration should be to return to an unapologetic focus on dismantling these criminal organizations and incarcerating their membership. Once this reprioritization occurs, the depart- ment’s political leadership should take concrete steps to use agency reach and resources to prevent these criminal organizations from operating and surviving. Assaulting the business model of these criminal organizations—which are massive, diversified enterprises with nationwide or international operations—is essential for success. The next Administration will therefore need to: l Revitalize the DOJ’s use of the array of statutory tools that exist for dealing with the threat of criminal organizations. The most potent ones are the simplest. For example, the department should: — 555 — Department of Justice 1. Rigorously prosecute as much interstate drug activity as possible, including simple possession of distributable quantities.46 Recent efforts to create the impression that drug possession crimes are not serious offenses has contributed to the explosion of criminal organization activities in the United States. 2. Aggressively deploy the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO),47 which Congress expressly created to empower the Department of Justice to treat patterns of intrastate- level crimes, such as robbery, extortion, and murder, as federal criminal conduct for criminal organizations and networks. The next Administration can use existing tools while it works with Congress to develop new tools. l Secure the border,48 which is the key entry point for many criminal organizations and their supplies, products, and employees. Mexico— which is arguably functioning as a failed state run by drug cartels—is the main point of transit for illegal drugs produced in Central and South America, fentanyl precursors from the Chinese Communist Party–led People’s Republic of China,49 weapons, human smuggling and trafficking, and other contraband. Mexican drug cartels, including the dominant Sinaloa Cartel and the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), are the main drivers of fentanyl production and distribution in the United States. The southwestern land border is sufficiently porous that Mexican drug cartels have operational control of large sections of the border, which facilitates easy movement of product and personnel. These cartels are also violent and not afraid to demonstrate force on both sides of the border. Their conduct represents a clear and present danger to the United States and its citizens. In addition to finalizing the southwestern land border wall, the next Administration should take a creative and aggressive approach to tackling these dangerous criminal organizations at the border. This could include use of active-duty military personnel and National Guardsmen to assist in arrest operations along the border—something that has not yet been done. A new and forceful approach to interdiction will have a ripple effect on the operations of these criminal organizations, which currently operate freely without concern for criminal prosecution, and will lay the necessary groundwork for initial prosecutions of these organizations and their leaders. It is critical that the federal government staunch the flow of drugs by preventing the far-too-easy access to the United States that now exists.

Department of Health and Human Services

Minimal

Vector: 60%

Pages: 488-490AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 2189 deals with law‑enforcement access to less‑than‑lethal projectile devices, whereas the Project 2025 HHS section concerns abortion data reporting, FDA drug policies, generic drug manufacturing, and abortion pills; there is no substantive thematic or policy overlap."

— 456 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise abortion providers and whether better prenatal physical, mental, and social care improves infant outcomes and decreases abortion rates, especially among those who are most vulnerable. The Ensuring Accurate and Complete Abortion Data Reporting Act of 20239 would amend title XIX of the Social Security Act and Public Health Service Act to improve the CDC’s abortion reporting mechanisms by requiring states, as a condition of federal Medicaid payments for family planning services, to report streamlined variables in a timely manner. The CDC should immediately end its collection of data on gender identity, which legitimizes the unscientific notion that men can become women (and vice versa) and encourages the phenomenon of ever-multiplying subjective identities. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) The FDA’s mission includes ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs, biological products, and medical devices. Federal Laws That Shield Big Pharma from Competition. Because generics generally cost far less than brand-name drugs, consumers begin to save money as soon as a generic product comes on the market. The vast majority are very afford- able with 93 percent of generic products costing $20 or less. Savings would be even higher under proposals that prevent brand-name man- ufacturers from slowing down or impeding the entrance of generic products into the marketplace. Specifically, the FDA should prohibit pharmaceutical companies from purposely sitting on their legally available right to be the first to sell generic versions of their drugs. Additionally, Congress should create legal remedies for generic companies to obtain samples of brand-name products for their generic development efforts and should prohibit meritless “citizen petitions” submitted by manufacturers to delay approval of a generic competitor.10 Approval Process for Laboratory-Developed or Modified Medical Tests. Learning from the failed early COVID-19 testing experience, Congress and the FDA should focus on reforming laws and regulations governing medical tests, especially with respect to laboratory-developed tests. Commercial tests are developed with the intention of being widely marketed, distributed, and used, while laboratory-developed tests are created with the intention of being used solely within one laboratory. A test developed by a lab in accordance with the protocols developed by another lab (non-commercial sharing) currently constitutes a “new” laboratory-developed test because the lab in which it will be used is different from the initial developing lab. To encourage interlab- oratory collaboration and discourage duplicative test creation (and associated regulatory and logistical burdens), the FDA should introduce mechanisms through which laboratory-developed tests can easily be shared with other laboratories with- out the current regulatory burdens.11 — 457 — Department of Health and Human Services The “laboratory-developed tests” category currently encompasses a range of possible tests, many of which would be characterized more appropriately as “lab- oratory-modified tests” because they are not truly novel tests but rather modified versions of existing tests. To avoid stifling innovation and access to medical care, the applicable statutes and regulations should be revised to facilitate greater access to such modified tests.12 Finally, the FDA has long held that it has regulatory authority over such tests, while others have argued that they should be considered clinical services regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The FDA currently has regulatory authority over in vitro diagnostics, and under the Clinical Lab- oratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA),13 the CMS ensures that labs meet analytical validity standards for test methods. Congress, the FDA, and the CMS need to clarify and disentangle overlapping authorities over tests to eliminate regulatory confusion.14 Drug Shortages. The very thin profit margins and the regulatory burdens associated with generic drug manufacturing discourage inventory and capacity investments by manufacturers and contribute to drug shortages. HHS and the FDA should encourage more dependable generic drug manufacturing. The FDA should expand its current pass/fail approach to drug facility inspec- tions into a graded system that recognizes manufacturers that exceed minimum standards by investing in improving production reliability. The FDA should also add facility codes to drug packaging and construct a searchable database that cross-references product codes and facility codes. That would enable wholesalers and pharmacy benefit managers to identify and preference drugs manufactured at more reliable facilities, thus encouraging generic drug manufacturers to compete on reliability as well as on price. For its part, HHS should exempt multi-source generic drugs from requirements to pay rebates to Medicaid and other federally funded health programs, as those provisions penalize new investments in expanding manufacturing capacity when supply is unable to meet demand.15 Additionally, FDA and NIH should promote efficacy trials of new applications for generic drugs, which might include NIH fund- ing such trials or conducting its own. Abortion Pills. Abortion pills pose the single greatest threat to unborn chil- dren in a post-Roe world. The rate of chemical abortion in the U.S. has increased by more than 150 percent in the past decade; more than half of annual abortions in the U.S. are chemical rather than surgical. The abortion pill regimen is typically a two-part process. The first pill, mifepris- tone, causes the death of the unborn child by cutting off the hormone progesterone, which is required to sustain a pregnancy. The second pill, misoprostol, causes con- tractions to induce a delivery of the dead child and uterine contents, usually into a toilet at home. The abortion-pill regimen is currently approved for up to 70 days

Department of Education

Minimal

Vector: 58%

Pages: 389-391AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 2189 focuses on law enforcement access to less-than-lethal weapons and firearms regulation, while the Project 2025 Department of Education section addresses executive orders on agency guidance, First Amendment protections in grants, degree requirements for federal jobs, and transparency in education programs. There is no thematic or policy overlap between the two."

— 357 — Department of Education NEW EXECUTIVE ORDERS THAT THE PRESIDENT SHOULD ISSUE Guidance Documents l The President should immediately reinstate and reissue Executive Order 13891: Promoting the Rule of Law Through Improved Agency Guidance Documents, 84 Fed. Reg. 55235 (Oct. 9, 2019), and Executive Order 13892: Promoting the Rule of Law Through Transparency and Fairness in Civil Administrative Enforcement and Adjudication (Oct. 15, 2019). These executive orders required all federal agencies to treat guidance documents as non-binding in law and practice and also forbade federal agencies from imposing new standards of conduct on persons outside the executive branch through guid- ance documents. They required all federal agencies to apply regulations and statutes instead of guidance documents in any enforcement action. President Biden revoked these executive orders on January 20, 2021, demonstrating that these executive orders effectively restrained the abuses of an expansive administrative state. l Require APA notice and comment. The President should issue an executive order requiring the Office for Civil Rights’ Case Processing Manual to go through APA (Administrative Procedures Act) notice and comment. l Protect the First Amendment. The President should issue an executive order requiring grant applications (SF-424 series) to contain assurances that the applicant will uphold the First Amendment in funded programs and work. l Minimize bachelor’s degree requirements. The President should issue an executive order stating that a college degree shall not be required for any federal job unless the requirements of the job specifically demand it. l Eliminate the “list of shame.” Educational institutions can claim a religious exemption with the Office for Civil Rights at the Department of Education from the strictures of Title IX. In 2016, the Obama Administration published on the Department of Education’s website a list of colleges that had applied for the exemption. This “list of shame” of faith-based colleges, as it came to be known, has since been archived on ED’s website, still publicly available. The President should issue an executive order removing the archived list and preventing such a list from being published in the future. — 358 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise NEW AGENCY POLICIES THAT DON’T REQUIRE NEW LEGISLATION OR REGULATIONS TO ENACT Transparency of FERPA and PPRA Complaints l The Department of Education should be transparent about complaints filed on behalf of families regarding the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA). l At the same time, the Department of Education should develop a portal and resources for parents on their rights under FERPA and PPRA. This portal should also contain an explanation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) and public school procedures to demonstrate that the law does not deprive parents of their right to access any school health records. The D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program In 2011, Congress added new requirements to the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program stating that participating private schools must submit to site visits by the program administrator, inform prospective students about the school’s accreditation status, mandate that teachers of core subjects have bachelor’s degrees, and require participating students to take some form of nationally norm-referenced test. Notably, the 2011 reauthorization also required, for the first time, that participating private schools be accredited or be on a path to accreditation. The 2017 reauthorization went further, requiring that each participating school supply a certificate of accreditation to the administering entity upon program entry, demonstrating that the school is fully accredited before being allowed to participate. The list of approved accreditors is entirely too small to serve the mission of the diverse schools in the nation’s capital. l Although the accreditation regulations should be removed entirely by Congress, in the meantime, the next President should issue an executive order expanding the list of allowable accreditors. Transparency Around Program Performance and DEI Influence The next President should issue a series of executive orders requiring: l An accounting of how federal programs/grants spread DEI/CRT/ gender ideology, l A review of outcomes for GEAR UP and the 21st Century grants programs,

Department of Health and Human Services

Minimal

Vector: 57%

Pages: 533-535AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 2189 focuses on law enforcement access to less-than-lethal projectile devices and firearms regulation, while the Project 2025 HHS section addresses healthcare policy, civil rights, reproductive health, and social services. There is no meaningful thematic or policy overlap between the bill and the cited HHS provisions."

— 501 — Department of Health and Human Services 54. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of Civil Rights, and Office of the Secretary, “Special Responsibilities of Medicare Hospitals in Emergency Cases and Discrimination on the Basis of Disability in Critical Health and Human Service Programs or Activities,” draft of Proposed Rule, January 14, 2021, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/infants-nprm.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 55. H.R. 26, Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act, 118th Congress, introduced January 9, 2023, https:// www.congress.gov/118/bills/hr26/BILLS-118hr26pcs.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 56. H.R. 7, No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023, 118th Congress, introduced January 9, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/118/bills/hr7/BILLS-118hr7ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 57. S. 401, Conscience Protection Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced February 24, 2021, https://www.congress. gov/117/bills/s401/BILLS-117s401is.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 58. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Office of the Secretary, “Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities,” Notice of Proposed Rulemaking; Notice of Tribal Consultation, Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 149 (August 4, 2022), pp. 47824–47920, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-08-04/pdf/2022-16217.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 59. Ibid., p. 47916. 60. The regulation was not finalized before the end of the Administration. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services, “Revision of Categorical Eligibility in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP),” Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 142 (July 24, 2019), pp. 35570–55581, https:// www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/24/2019-15670/revision-of-categorical-eligibility-in-the- supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap (accessed March 17, 2023). 61. 45 Code of Federal Regulations § 75.300(c) and (d), https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/ subchapter-A/part-75/subpart-D/subject-group-ECFR911e5e1a30bfbcb/section-75.300 (accessed March 17, 2023). 62. H.R. 1750, Child Welfare Provider Inclusion Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced March 10, 2021, https:// www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr1750/BILLS-117hr1750ih.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023), and S. 656, Child Welfare Provider Inclusion Act of 2021, 117th Congress, introduced March 10, 2021, https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/ s656/BILLS-117s656is.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 63. S. 3949, Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2022, Public Law No. 117-348, 117th Congress, January 25, 2023, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ348/PLAW-117publ348.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 64. Kelsey Y. Santamaria, “Child Migrants at the Border: The Flores Settlement Agreement and Other Legal Developments,” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11799, April 1, 2021, https://crsreports.congress. gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11799 (accessed March 17, 2023). 65. Report, Building a Happy Home: Marriage Education as a Tool to Strengthen Families, Social Capital Project Report No. 1-22, March 2022, p. 17, https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/3d102525-6f0d-48ed- 92f4-d71edd468ad6/building-a-happy-home.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). The cover of the report reflects that the Social Capital Project is “[a] project of the Joint Economic Committee – Republicans.” 66. See, for example, Alan J. Hawkins, “Are Federally Supported Relationship Education Programs for Lower-Income Individuals and Couples Working? A Review of Evaluation Research,” American Enterprise Institute, September 2019, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ228/PLAW-117publ228.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 67. H.R. 8404, Respect for Marriage Act, Public Law No. 117-228, 117th Congress, December 13, 2022, https://www. congress.gov/117/plaws/publ228/PLAW-117publ228.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 68. Madison Marino, “Over 1,000 Safety Violations Mar Head Start. Children Deserve Better,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, November 10, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/education/commentary/over-1000-safety- violations-mar-head-start-children-deserve-better. 69. American Hospital Association v. Becerra, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/21pdf/20-1114_09m1.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 70. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service; U.S. Department of Labor, Employee Benefits Security Administration; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, “Coverage of Certain Preventive Services Under the Affordable Care Act,” Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, Federal Register, Vol. 88, No. 22 (February 2, 2023), pp. 7236–7281, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2023-02-02/pdf/2023-01981.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). — 502 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 71. 42 U.S. Code § 238n, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/238n (accessed March 17, 2023). 72. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, “Early Childhood Health,” last reviewed October 2022, https://mchb.hrsa.gov/programs-impact/focus-areas/early- childhood-health (accessed March 17, 2023). 73. American Pregnancy Association, “Having a Doula—What Are the Benefits?” https://americanpregnancy. org/healthy-pregnancy/labor-and-birth/having-a-doula/#:~:text=Other%20studies%20have%20shown%20 that%20having%20a%20doula,massage%20to%20reduce%20stress%20and%20anxiety%20during%20labor (accessed March 17, 2023). 74. S. 2372, VA MISSION [Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks] Act of 2018, Public Law No. 115-182, 115th Congress, June 6, 2018, https://www.congress.gov/115/plaws/publ182/ PLAW-115publ182.pdf (accessed March 17, 2023). 75. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Securing Updated and Necessary Statutory Evaluations Timely,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 11 (January 19, 2021), pp. 5694–5764, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-01-19/pdf/2021-00597.pdf (accessed March 22, 2023). 76. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, “Compliance with Statutory Program Integrity Requirements,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 84, No. 42 (March 4, 2029), pp. 7714–7791, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-03-04/pdf/2019-03461.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 77. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, “Ensuring Access to Equitable, Affordable, Client-Centered, Quality Family Planning Services,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 192 (October 7, 2021), pp. 56144–56180, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/ pkg/FR-2021-10-07/pdf/2021-21542.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 78. S. 624, Title X Abortion Provider Prohibition Act, 118th Congress, introduced March 2, 2023, https://www. congress.gov/118/bills/s624/BILLS-118s624is.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 79. 50 U.S. Code Chapter 55, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/50/chapter-55 (accessed March 22, 2023). 80. 18 U.S. Code § 13, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/13 (accessed March 18, 2023). 81. Bowen v. American Hospital Association, 476 U.S. 610 (1986), https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/ usrep/usrep476/usrep476610/usrep476610.pdf (accessed 22, 2023). 82. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, “Notification of Interpretation and Enforcement of Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972,” Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 99 (May 25, 2021), pp. 27984–27985, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR- 2021-05-25/pdf/2021-10477.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 83. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, “HHS Notice and Guidance on Gender Affirming Care, Civil Rights, and Patient Privacy,” March 2, 2022, https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/hhs- ocr-notice-and-guidance-gender-affirming-care.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 84. Heckler v. Chaney, 420 U.S. 821 (1985), https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/470/821.html (accessed March 18, 2022). 85. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, “Guidance to Nation’s Retail Pharmacies: Obligations Under Federal Civil Rights Laws to Ensure Access to Comprehensive Reproductive Health Care Services,” content last reviewed July 14, 2022, https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/ special-topics/reproductive-healthcare/pharmacies-guidance/index.html (accessed March 18, 2023). 86. H.R. 3103, “Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Public Law No. 104-191, 104th Congress, August 21, 1996, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ191/PLAW-104publ191.pdf (accessed March 18, 2023). 87. U.S. Department of Human Services, “HIPAA Privacy Rule and Disclosures of Information Relating to Reproductive Health Care,” content last reviewed June 29, 2022, (accessed March 18, 2023). See also “Protecting the Privacy and Security of Your Health Information When Using Your Personal Cell Phone or Tablet,” content last reviewed June 29, 2022, https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/ cell-phone-hipaa/index.html (accessed March 18, 2023).

Environmental Protection Agency

Minimal

Vector: 57%

Pages: 458-460AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 2189 focuses on law enforcement access to less-than-lethal projectile devices and firearms regulation, while the Project 2025 EPA section addresses environmental regulations, emissions standards, and air permitting reforms—there is no substantive thematic or policy overlap between the two."

— 425 — Environmental Protection Agency are statutorily required, and remove any regulatory differences between attainment and maintenance that are not explicitly required by law. l Streamline the process for state and local governments to demonstrate that their federally funded highway projects will not interfere with NAAQS attainment. l Adopt policies to prevent abuse of EPA’s CAA “error correction” authority.20 EPA historically has used this to coerce states into adopting its favored policies on pain of imposition of a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP). l Limit EPA’s reliance on CAA § 30121 general rulemaking authority to ensure that it is not abused to issue regulations for which EPA lacks substantive authority elsewhere in the statute. l If possible, return the standard-setting role to Congress. Climate Change l Remove the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) for any source category that is not currently being regulated. The overall reporting program imposes significant burdens on small businesses and companies that are not being regulated. This is either a pointless burden or a sword-of- Damocles threat of future regulation, neither of which is appropriate. l Establish a system, with an appropriate deadline, to update the 2009 endangerment finding. l Establish a significant emissions rate (SER) for greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Regulating Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act22 l Repeal Biden Administration implementing regulations for the AIM Act that are unnecessarily stringent and costly. l Refrain from granting petitions from opportunistic manufacturers to add new restrictions that further skew the market toward costlier refrigerants and equipment. — 426 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise l Conduct realistic cost assessments that reflect actual consumer experiences instead of the current unrealistic ones claiming that the program is virtually cost-free. Mobile Source Regulation by the Office of Transportation and Air Quality l Establish GHG car standards under Department of Transportation (DOT) leadership that properly consider cost, choice, safety, and national security. l Review the existing “ramp rate” for car standards to ensure that it is actually achievable. l Include life cycle emissions of electric vehicles and consider all of their environmental impacts. l Restore the position that California’s waiver applies only to California- specific issues like ground-level ozone, not global climate issues. l Ensure that other states can adopt California’s standards only for traditional/criteria pollutants, not greenhouse gases. l Stop the use of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to increase standards on airplanes. l Reconsider the Cleaner Trucks Initiative to balance the goal of driving down emissions without creating significant costs or complex burdens on the industry. Air Permitting Reforms for New Source Review (Pre-Construction Per- mits) and Title V (Operating Permits) l Develop reforms to ensure that when a facility improves efficiency within its production process, new permitting requirements are not triggered. l Restore the Trump EPA position on Once-In, Always-In (that major sources can convert to area sources when affiliated emissions standards are met). l Revisit permitting and enforcement assumptions that sources will operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year; this artificially inflates a source’s potential to emit (PTE), which can result in more stringent permit terms.

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

Related Bills

Other Bills by Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott

NDO Fairness Act of 2025

119/hr/6048

PROTECT USA Act of 2026

119/hr/9385

Keeping Violent Offenders Off Our Streets Act of 2025

119/hr/6260

Back to All Bills