To modernize Federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons, and for other purposes.

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Bill ID: 119/hr/2189
Last Updated: July 17, 2026

Sponsored by

Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

ID: F000471

Follow the money

The bill

To modernize Federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons, and for other purposes.

HR. 2189, 119th Congress β€” read as touching Firearms & Ammunition.

The sponsor

Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$122,400 raised

20 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Received in the Senate.

February 23, 2026

Introduced

Committee Review

Floor Action

Passed House

Senate Review

πŸ“ Current Status

Next: Both chambers must agree on the same version of the bill.

πŸŽ‰

Passed Congress

πŸ–ŠοΈ

Presidential Action

βš–οΈ

Became Law

πŸ“š How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, brought to you by the same geniuses who thought "Operation Iraqi Freedom" was a good idea.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The Law-Enforcement Innovate to De-Escalate Act (HR 2189) claims to modernize federal firearms laws to account for advancements in technology and less-than-lethal weapons. In reality, it's a thinly veiled attempt to line the pockets of the defense industry and their congressional lapdogs.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill creates a new category of "less-than-lethal projectile devices" that are exempt from certain firearms regulations and taxes. It also establishes a process for manufacturers to request classification as a less-than-lethal device, because who needs actual oversight when you can just ask nicely?

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** * The defense industry: They get to sell more toys to law enforcement agencies, which will inevitably be used to "de-escalate" situations by shooting people with fancy new projectiles. * Law enforcement agencies: They'll have access to more gadgets to play with, and maybe, just maybe, they'll use them to de-escalate situations instead of escalating them. (Spoiler alert: they won't.) * Taxpayers: We get to foot the bill for this boondoggle, as well as the inevitable lawsuits when these "less-than-lethal" devices inevitably cause serious harm or death.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a classic case of "mission creep," where the government slowly expands its authority under the guise of "innovation" and "progress." It's a slippery slope, folks. Today it's less-than-lethal projectiles; tomorrow it'll be drones with tranquilizer darts.

In conclusion, HR 2189 is a cynical attempt to exploit public concern about police brutality while enriching the defense industry. It's a legislative placebo, designed to make us feel better without actually addressing the underlying issues. But hey, at least we'll have more "less-than-lethal" options for our law enforcement agencies to play with.

Diagnosis: This bill is suffering from a severe case of " Politician-itis," characterized by symptoms such as:

* Excessive use of buzzwords ("innovation," "de-escalate") * Lack of actual substance or meaningful reform * Unwavering commitment to enriching special interests at the expense of taxpayers

Treatment: A healthy dose of skepticism, followed by a strong prescription of critical thinking and a dash of outrage.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

πŸ’° Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Congress 119 β€’ 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$122,400
19 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$0
Committees
$0
Individuals
$122,400

No PAC contributions found

No organization contributions found

No committee contributions found

1
SHAFFER, JOHN E
2 transactions
$10,000
2
HENDRICKS, DIANE M
1 transaction
$6,600
3
ROWAN, CAROLYN
1 transaction
$6,600
4
ROWAN, MARC J.
1 transaction
$6,600
5
SCHWARZMAN, STEPHEN
1 transaction
$6,600
6
SCHMIDT, TIM
1 transaction
$6,600
7
SCHWARZMAN, CHRISTINE
1 transaction
$6,600
8
LEVY, EDWARD
1 transaction
$6,600
9
FOREST COUNTY POTAWATOMI COMMU, .
1 transaction
$6,600
10
FISHER, SHERRILYN
1 transaction
$6,600
11
FISHER, KENNETH
1 transaction
$6,600
12
FRYE, NATALIE
1 transaction
$6,600
13
UIHLEIN, ELIZABETH A
1 transaction
$6,600
14
UIHLEIN, RICHARD
1 transaction
$6,600
15
TRUNZO, ANNE
1 transaction
$5,800
16
HOLLFELDER, BEA M
1 transaction
$5,800
17
SCHWERTFEGER, RUTH
1 transaction
$5,000
18
SCHWERTFEGER, FREDERICK F
1 transaction
$5,000
19
WALL, TERRENCE R
1 transaction
$5,000

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Correa, J. Luis [D-CA-46]

ID: C001110

Top Contributors

10

1
AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
COMWASHINGTON, DC
$500
Jun 14, 2024
2
SANTA YENEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationSANTA YNEZ, CA
$5,000
Aug 19, 2024
3
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLOS ANGELES, CA
$3,300
Aug 13, 2024
4
AGUA CALIENTE BAND OF CAHUILLA INDIANS
OrganizationPALM SPRINGS, CA
$3,300
Dec 18, 2023
5
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 25, 2023
6
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
May 25, 2023
7
HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE
OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA
$3,300
Sep 15, 2023
8
SHINGLE SPRINGS BAND MIWOK INDIANS
OrganizationSHINGLE SPRINGS, CA
$2,000
Sep 26, 2024
9
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Apr 22, 2024
10
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$2,000
Sep 15, 2023

Rep. Stauber, Pete [R-MN-8]

ID: S001212

Top Contributors

10

1
DEMOCRACY ENGINE INC
PACWASHINGTON, DC
$500
Jun 6, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
3
LEECH LAKE - PAC
OrganizationCASS LAKE, MN
$3,300
Dec 12, 2024
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Nov 13, 2023
5
GOOGLE
OrganizationMOUNTAIN VIEW, CA
$1,000
Feb 21, 2023
6
CHAIN BRIDGE BANK
OrganizationMCLEAN, VA
$25
Dec 6, 2023
7
ZOTTO, CARLA DEL
IndividualGLADEWATER, TX
$10,000
Aug 27, 2024
8
ANDERSON, ROLLIS
ANDERSON TRUCKING SERVICE INC. β€’ CEO
IndividualSAINT CLOUD, MN
$9,900
Feb 8, 2024
9
FAISON, JAY
CLEARPATH β€’ FOUNDER
IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC
$6,600
Jun 30, 2024
10
NYSTROM, BRIAN AND MARY ANN
NYSTROM & ASSOCIATES β€’ PRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualANDOVER, MN
$6,600
Sep 27, 2024

Rep. Crockett, Jasmine [D-TX-30]

ID: C001130

Top Contributors

10

1
SHAKOPEE MDWEKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
May 2, 2024
2
SHAKOPEE MDWEKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Jun 9, 2023
3
ALABAMA COUSHATTA TRIBE
OrganizationLIVINGSTON, TX
$1,000
Oct 25, 2024
4
SMITH, TODD
SMITH LACIEN LLP β€’ ATTORNEY
IndividualCHICAGO, IL
$6,600
Feb 28, 2024
5
MATTHEWS, JOHN
MATTHEWS SOUTHWEST β€’ DEVELOPER
IndividualARGYLE, TX
$6,600
May 9, 2023
6
MATTHEWS, LAURA
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualARGYLE, TX
$6,600
Jun 28, 2023
7
MONTGOMERY, SADAT
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualFRISCO, TX
$6,600
Jun 12, 2023
8
SMITH, TODD
SMITH LACIEN LLP β€’ ATTORNEY
IndividualCHICAGO, IL
$6,200
Feb 28, 2024
9
BRYANT, KARIM
SELF EMPLOYED β€’ ATTORNEY
IndividualIRVING, TX
$5,000
Jan 11, 2024
10
OLESKY, DAVID
MILLER WEISBROD OLESKY β€’ ATTORNEY
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$4,600
Feb 15, 2024

Rep. Nehls, Troy E. [R-TX-22]

ID: N000026

Top Contributors

10

1
ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE
COMLIVINGSTON, TX
$1,000
Sep 30, 2024
2
GONSOULIN, AL A
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualSUGAR LAND, TX
$6,600
Feb 26, 2024
3
FISHER, KENNETH
FISHER INVESTMENTS β€’ EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
4
FISHER, SHERRILYN
PLANO 6500 LLC β€’ MEMBER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
5
MARCHELI, DANNY
CLEAR PAVE β€’ PRESIDENT
IndividualRICHMOND, TX
$5,000
Sep 30, 2023
6
EMPARTIO, JOESPH
HERITAGE RANCH LLC β€’ OWNER
IndividualRICHMOND, TX
$5,000
Sep 10, 2024
7
DOUDS, KENNETH
KBR BUILDERS β€’ OWNER
IndividualSTAFFORD, TX
$5,000
Dec 3, 2024
8
GILL, EDWARD
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualHALLETTSVILLE, TX
$5,000
Dec 3, 2024
9
MARCHELI, DANIEL
CLEAR PAVE LLC β€’ PRESIDENT
IndividualRICHMOND, TX
$5,000
Dec 3, 2024
10
DOUDS, ROBERT F JR.
SELF EMPLOYED β€’ CONSTRUCTION
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$5,000
Dec 3, 2024

Rep. Veasey, Marc A. [D-TX-33]

ID: V000131

Top Contributors

10

1
ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE
OrganizationLIVINGSTON, TX
$1,000
Sep 26, 2024
2
BGR GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$500
Mar 5, 2024
3
LAW OFFICE OF FREDERICK GRAEFE PLLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$500
Sep 21, 2023
4
BILLINGSLEY, LINDSAY
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,300
Dec 23, 2023
5
ENGLANDER, MARTY
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualFORT WORTH, TX
$3,300
Oct 13, 2023
6
ENGLANDER, MARTY
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualFORT WORTH, TX
$3,300
Oct 13, 2023
7
FINLEY, JAMES D.
FINLEY RESOURCES, INC. β€’ OWNER/CEO
IndividualFT WORTH, TX
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
8
FINLEY, JAMES D.
FINLEY RESOURCES, INC. β€’ OWNER/CEO
IndividualFT WORTH, TX
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
9
FLOWERS, BRIAN
SELF β€’ PHYSICIAN
IndividualWESTLAKE, TX
$3,300
Nov 6, 2023
10
FLOWERS, BRIAN
SELF β€’ PHYSICIAN
IndividualWESTLAKE, TX
$3,300
Nov 6, 2023

Rep. Davis, Donald G. [D-NC-1]

ID: D000230

Top Contributors

10

1
FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA
OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA
$3,300
Mar 5, 2024
2
TUNICA-BILOXI TRIBE OF LA
OrganizationMARKSVILLE, LA
$2,000
Dec 31, 2023
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
Jun 6, 2023
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,650
May 13, 2024
5
BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLAKESIDE, CA
$1,500
May 31, 2023
6
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$1,000
Dec 28, 2023
7
FISHER, DEBORAH
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ NOT EMPLOYED
IndividualCOEUR D ALENE, ID
$4,000
Jul 29, 2024
8
BLOOM, BRADLEY
BERKSHIRE PARTNERS LLC β€’ INVESTMENTS
IndividualWELLESLEY, MA
$3,300
Oct 31, 2024
9
BRAUFMAN, JILL
NOT EMPLOYED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualSURFSIDE, FL
$3,300
Oct 18, 2024
10
CLAPP, STEPHEN
SELF EMPLOYED β€’ RANCHER
IndividualSEQUIM, WA
$3,300
Oct 30, 2024

Rep. Cline, Ben [R-VA-6]

ID: C001118

Top Contributors

10

1
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$1,000
Oct 31, 2023
2
JOHNSON, CAMERON MR.
MAGIC CITY FORD β€’ CAR DEALER
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Nov 21, 2024
3
ROSENBERG, DIANE MS.
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
4
STOLTZFUS, MELISSA
HOMEMAKER β€’ HOMEMAKER
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA
$3,300
Nov 5, 2024
5
STOLTZFUS, MICHAEL
DYNAMIC AVIATION β€’ PRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA
$3,300
Nov 5, 2024
6
STOLTZFUS, MICHAEL
DYNAMIC AVIATION β€’ PRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA
$3,300
Nov 13, 2024
7
CLINE, JULIA S MRS.
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualLEXINGTON, VA
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
8
CLINE, JULIA S MRS.
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualLEXINGTON, VA
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
9
CARTLEDGE, GEORGE B MR. III
GRAND HOME FURNISHINGS β€’ PRESIDENT
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023
10
CARTLEDGE, GEORGE B MR. III
GRAND HOME FURNISHINGS β€’ PRESIDENT
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023

Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5]

ID: B001302

Top Contributors

10

1
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
2
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA J
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
3
MCCLEVE, LONNIE
SELF EMPLOYED β€’ DEVELOPER
IndividualQUEEN CREEK, AZ
$3,300
Oct 16, 2023
4
BENSON, LEE
LEE BENSON β€’ CEO
IndividualMESA, AZ
$3,300
Oct 18, 2023
5
FAUST, ANNE R
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualNEWTOWN SQUARE, PA
$3,300
Oct 6, 2023
6
BENSON, LEE
LEE BENSON β€’ CEO
IndividualMESA, AZ
$3,300
Oct 18, 2023
7
BROPHY, DANIEL
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualJACKSON, WY
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
8
LONDEN, PRISCILLA
LONDEN INSURANCE GROUP β€’ EXECUTIVE
IndividualPHOENIX, AZ
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023
9
ALLEN, GWYNDA S
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualSUN LAKES, AZ
$3,300
Mar 22, 2023
10
COOLEY, WILLIAM
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualWEST PALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Mar 7, 2023

Rep. Rutherford, John H. [R-FL-5]

ID: R000609

Top Contributors

10

1
CHICKASAW NATION
PACADA, OK
$1,000
Jun 16, 2023
2
MOHEGAN TRIBE OF INDIANS OF CONNECTICUT
OrganizationMONTVILLE, CT
$1,000
Nov 4, 2024
3
MS BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS
OrganizationCHOCTAW, MS
$1,000
Nov 4, 2024
4
MUSCOGEE CREEK NATION
OrganizationOKMULGEE, OK
$1,000
Jun 30, 2024
5
DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$9
May 7, 2024
6
DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$3
Jun 30, 2024
7
DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$2
May 7, 2024
8
DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$1
Apr 4, 2024
9
DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$1
Apr 12, 2024
10
DEMOCRACY ENGINE LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$1
Jun 3, 2024

Rep. Perez, Marie Gluesenkamp [D-WA-3]

ID: G000600

Top Contributors

0

No contribution data available

Donor Network - Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 57 nodes and 35 connections (37 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $158,800

Top Donors - Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5]

Showing top 19 donors by contribution amount

19 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

  • +Firearms & Ammunitionconfidence 0.95

    The bill exempts less-than-lethal projectile devices from firearms and ammunition tax (SEC. 202) and from the National Firearms Act (SEC. 203), reducing regulatory and tax burdens on manufacturers of such devices, which are part of the firearms industry.

  • The bill defines and promotes less-than-lethal projectile devices for law enforcement use (SEC. 102, SEC. 202, SEC. 203), which benefits companies that produce surveillance and less-lethal weapons technology (e.g., Axon, Taser).

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent β€” they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

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