— 311 —
Department of Agriculture
ENDNOTES
1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p.1, https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/
files/documents/2023-usda-budget-summary.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022).
2. See, for example, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Transforming the U.S. Food System,” https://www.usda.
gov/fst (accessed December 14, 2022).
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p.1.
4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “USDA Celebrates 150 Years,” https://www.usda.gov/our-agency/about-usda/
history (accessed December 16, 2022).
5. The law stated, “[T]here is hereby established at the seat of government of the United States a Department
of Agriculture, the general designs and duties of which shall be to acquire and to diffuse among the people
of the United States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and
comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the people new and
valuable seeds and plants.” Gladys L. Baker et al., Century of Service: The First 100 Years of the United States
Department of Agriculture, (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) p. 13, https://babel.
hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4254098&view=1up&seq=33 (accessed December 16, 2022).
6. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p. 2.
7. Ibid., p. 2.
8. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2022–2026, p. 3, https://www.usda.gov/sites/
default/files/documents/usda-fy-2022-2026-strategic-plan.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022).
9. News release, “USDA Announces Framework for Shoring Up the Food Supply Chain and Transforming the
Food System to Be Fairer, More Competitive, More Resilient,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, June 1, 2022,
https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2022/06/01/usda-announces-framework-shoring-food-supply-
chain-and-transforming (accessed December 14, 2022).
10. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Transforming the U.S. Food System.”
11. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2022–2026, pp. 1–2.
12. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Background on the U.S. Approach to the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit,”
August 4, 2021, https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Background-on-US-approach-2021-UN-
Food-Systems-Summit.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022).
13. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “UN Food Systems Summit,” https://www.usda.gov/oce/sustainability/un-
summit (accessed December 14, 2022).
14. Mark Bittman et al., “How a National Food Policy Could Save Millions of American Lives,” The Washington
Post, November 7, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-a-national-food-policy-could-
save-millions-of-american-lives/2014/11/07/89c55e16-637f-11e4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html (accessed
December 14, 2022); Daren Bakst and Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, “No, We Don’t Need to Transform the
American Food System,” The Daily Signal, February 26, 2021, https://www.dailysignal.com/2021/02/26/
no-we-dont-need-to-transform-the-american-food-system/ (accessed December 14, 2022); and Daren
Bakst, “Biden’s Food Conference Should Put People First, Not Environmental Extremism,” The Daily Signal,
September 22, 2022, https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/09/22/bidens-food-conference-should-put-people-
first-not-environmental-extremism/ (accessed December 14, 2022).
15. News release, “USDA to Invest Up to $300 Million in New Organic Transition Initiative,” U.S. Department of
Agriculture, August 22, 2022, https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2022/08/22/usda-invest-300-
million-new-organic-transition-initiative (accessed December 14, 2022).
16. Gary Baise, “Sri Lanka’s Green New Deal Was a Disaster,” Farm Futures, November 14, 2022, https://www.
farmprogress.com/commentary/sri-lankas-green-new-deal-was-disaster (accessed December 16, 2022).
17. See, for example, Catherine Greene et al., “Growing Organic Demand Provides High-Value Opportunities for Many
Types of Producers,” Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February 6, 2017, https://www.
ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/januaryfebruary/growing-organic-demand-provides-high-value-opportunities-
for-many-types-of-producers/#:~:text=ERS%20research%20shows%20that%20many,flavor%20desired%20
by%20the%20consumer (accessed December 14, 2022), and Andrea Carlson, “Investigating Retail Price Premiums
for Organic Foods,” Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May 24, 2016, https://www.ers.
usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/may/investigating-retail-price-premiums-for-organic-foods/ (accessed December
16, 2022). Further, there are many myths, such as those regarding the alleged health benefit of organic food. One