Incentivize Savings Act

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Bill ID: 119/hr/5438
Last Updated: September 7, 2026

Sponsored by

Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]

ID: M001218

Follow the money

The bill

Incentivize Savings Act

HR. 5438, 119th Congress — read as touching Commercial Banks.

The sponsor

Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$140,600 raised

20 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

70% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Energy and Related Commissions" section, p. 419-421 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 25 - 19.

February 3, 2026

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed House

🏛️

Senate Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, courtesy of the geniuses in Congress. Let's dissect this "Incentivize Savings Act" and see what's really going on beneath the surface.

**Diagnosis:** This bill is suffering from a severe case of "Budgetary Bloatitis," a condition characterized by an inability to prioritize spending and a tendency to throw money at problems without actually solving them.

**Symptoms:**

* The bill allocates 49% of unexpended funds to remain available for an additional fiscal year, because who needs actual budgeting when you can just kick the can down the road? * Another 49% goes towards paying off the national debt, a noble goal, but one that's been consistently ignored by Congress in favor of more pressing concerns... like re-election campaigns. * And then there's the pièce de résistance: 2% for retention bonuses within Federal agencies. Because what every government agency needs is more bureaucrats with fat bonuses, not actual results.

**Notable Programs and Agencies:** The bill doesn't specify any particular programs or agencies receiving funds, but we can be sure that the usual suspects will get their share of the pork barrel. Expect plenty of earmarks for pet projects and favored industries.

**Increases/Decreases:** Since this is a new bill, there's no previous year to compare it to. But rest assured, the funding amounts will be "incentivized" by the usual suspects: lobbyists, special interest groups, and campaign donors.

**Riders and Policy Provisions:** The real meat of the bill lies in its policy provisions. Section 2(c) limits budget requests for Federal agencies based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), because who needs actual fiscal responsibility when you can just tie it to an arbitrary metric? And what's with the exclusion of the American National Red Cross from the definition of "Federal agency"? Is that a clever way to sneak in some extra funding for their buddies?

**Fiscal Impact and Deficit Implications:** This bill will, of course, have no discernible impact on the national debt or deficit. It's just more window dressing designed to make Congress look like they're doing something about the country's financial woes.

In conclusion, this "Incentivize Savings Act" is a joke, a thinly veiled attempt to justify more government spending and bureaucratic bloat. The real disease here is not budgetary inefficiency, but rather the terminal case of corruption and incompetence that afflicts our elected officials.

Related Topics

Federal Budget & Appropriations
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$140,600
19 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$0
Committees
$0
Individuals
$140,600

No PAC contributions found

No organization contributions found

No committee contributions found

1
OGLESBY, CHARLES
2 transactions
$20,000
2
HAMILTON, ANNE
1 transaction
$10,000
3
VERMA, VIKAS
1 transaction
$6,600
4
KLINGENSTEIN, THOMAS
1 transaction
$6,600
5
LUKE, DEBRA
1 transaction
$6,600
6
BATMASIAN, JAMES H
1 transaction
$6,600
7
KOLLAR, CLINT
1 transaction
$6,600
8
KOLLAR, HEATHER
1 transaction
$6,600
9
STEBBINS, ROBERT
1 transaction
$6,600
10
MONSON, MATTHEW
1 transaction
$6,600
11
WINCHESTER, JOHN
1 transaction
$6,600
12
CASCARILLA, CHARLES
1 transaction
$6,600
13
CASCARILLA, MARISSA
1 transaction
$6,600
14
TAYLOR, MARGARETTA MISS
1 transaction
$6,600
15
DON & OKSANA, DONALD LEE
1 transaction
$6,600
16
HENNESSY, MARK W
1 transaction
$6,600
17
UIHLEIN, RICHARD
1 transaction
$6,600
18
QUINONES, PETER
1 transaction
$5,800
19
EDWARDS, MELISSA
1 transaction
$5,800

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Brecheen, Josh [R-OK-2]

ID: B001317

Top Contributors

22

1
COMMUNITY BANCSHARES OF MS PAC
OrganizationFOREST, MS
$1,000
Apr 18, 2023
2
NILKNOC LLC
OrganizationSTIGLER, OK
$300
Apr 8, 2024
3
GREEMAN, WALTER M MRS.
SELF EMPLOYED • RANCHER
IndividualTISHOMINGO, OK
$6,600
Oct 24, 2024
4
HINMAN, ROY H
FLAGLER HOSPITAL • FAMILY MEDICINE DOCTOR
IndividualST AUGUSTINE, FL
$6,600
Jan 23, 2024
5
LOMANGINO, ANTHONY
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$6,600
Feb 27, 2024
6
LOMANGINO, LYNDA
HOMEMAKER • HOMEMAKER
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$6,600
Feb 27, 2024
7
ASBJORNSON, SCOTT
SELF EMPLOYED • PRIVATE INVESTOR
IndividualTULSA, OK
$6,600
Jun 5, 2023
8
JAQUISH, GAIL
JURIX INC • PSYCHOLOGIST
IndividualAUSTIN, TX
$6,600
Sep 26, 2023
9
KENNINGER, STEVEN
QMO LLC • INVESTOR
IndividualAUSTIN, TX
$6,600
Sep 27, 2023
10
LOMANGINO, ANTHONY
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$6,600
Jul 24, 2023

Rep. Edwards, Chuck [R-NC-11]

ID: E000246

Top Contributors

20

1
BAUM, ANN
OSAAT ENTERPRISES LLC DBA MCDONALD'S • RESTAURANT OWNER
IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023
2
DUHAMEL, WILLIAM F
ROUTE ONE INVESTMENT COMPANY • PORTFOLIO MANAGER
IndividualSAN FRANCISCO, CA
$3,300
Dec 15, 2023
3
BELL, JOHN W III
BILTMORE PROPERTY GROUP • MANAGEMENT
IndividualASHEVILLE, NC
$3,300
Oct 21, 2024
4
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDI, TRIBE
UNINCORP INDIAN TRIBE • UNINCORP INDIAN TRIBE
IndividualCHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Nov 8, 2024
5
EASTERN BAND OF CHEROKEE INDI, TRIBE
UNINCORP INDIAN TRIBE • UNINCORP INDIAN TRIBE
IndividualCHEROKEE, NC
$3,300
Feb 13, 2024
6
POPE, JAMES
VARIETY WHOLESALERS • RETAILER
IndividualRALEIGH, NC
$3,300
Feb 12, 2024
7
SYKES, CLAY
ESG OPERATIONS INC. • PRINCIPAL
IndividualPENROSE, NC
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
8
SYKES, LISA
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPENROSE, NC
$3,300
Feb 5, 2024
9
FAISON, JAY
2040 FOUNDATION • DIRECTOR
IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC
$3,300
Mar 4, 2024
10
FAISON, JAY
2040 FOUNDATION • DIRECTOR
IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC
$3,300
Mar 4, 2024

Rep. Baird, James R. [R-IN-4]

ID: B001307

Top Contributors

21

1
TORCHBEARER PUBLIC AFFAIRS
OrganizationCARMEL, IN
$1,000
Apr 10, 2024
2
NICOSON, JON
NICOSON FARMING INC • FARMER
IndividualCORY, IN
$6,600
Aug 25, 2023
3
BAIRD, BEAU
SELF • RANCHER
IndividualGREENCASTLE, IN
$3,300
Sep 30, 2023
4
GOODRICH, CHARLES D
GAYLOR ELECTRIC, INC. • VICE PRESIDENT
IndividualNOBLESVILLE, IN
$3,300
Jun 30, 2024
5
CARRIER, JAMISON
RELENTLESS DEALER SERVICES • FOUNDER
IndividualGREENWOOD, IN
$3,300
Mar 11, 2024
6
WALTON, ROBERT S
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualBENTONVILLE, AR
$3,300
Mar 31, 2024
7
NICOSON, BARBRA
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualCORY, IN
$3,300
Jul 8, 2024
8
NICOSON, JON
NICOSON FARMING INC • FARMER
IndividualCORY, IN
$3,300
Jul 8, 2024
9
NESSEL, ARIEL
ENTREPRENEUR • ENTREPRENEUR
IndividualROSS, CA
$2,500
Apr 14, 2023
10
LANGLEY, THOMAS
LANGLEY CONSULTING • CONSULTANT
IndividualATHENS, AL
$2,000
Sep 29, 2023

Rep. Cline, Ben [R-VA-6]

ID: C001118

Top Contributors

21

1
THE CHICKASAW NATION
OrganizationADA, OK
$1,000
Oct 31, 2023
2
JOHNSON, CAMERON MR.
MAGIC CITY FORD • CAR DEALER
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Nov 21, 2024
3
ROSENBERG, DIANE MS.
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
4
STOLTZFUS, MELISSA
HOMEMAKER • HOMEMAKER
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA
$3,300
Nov 5, 2024
5
STOLTZFUS, MICHAEL
DYNAMIC AVIATION • PRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA
$3,300
Nov 5, 2024
6
STOLTZFUS, MICHAEL
DYNAMIC AVIATION • PRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualBRIDGEWATER, VA
$3,300
Nov 13, 2024
7
CLINE, JULIA S MRS.
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualLEXINGTON, VA
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
8
CLINE, JULIA S MRS.
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualLEXINGTON, VA
$3,300
Dec 31, 2023
9
CARTLEDGE, GEORGE B MR. III
GRAND HOME FURNISHINGS • PRESIDENT
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023
10
CARTLEDGE, GEORGE B MR. III
GRAND HOME FURNISHINGS • PRESIDENT
IndividualROANOKE, VA
$3,300
Mar 30, 2023

Rep. Stutzman, Marlin A. [R-IN-3]

ID: S001188

Top Contributors

4

1
BLEIBERG, PAUL E
NATIONAL MILK PRODUCERS FED. • VP GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,000
Mar 26, 2023
2
TORREY, MICHAEL K
TORREY ADVISORY GROUP • GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS
IndividualARLINGTON, VA
$2,000
Mar 8, 2023
3
BECK, DANIELLE
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$1,000
Jun 6, 2023
4
REY, MARK
THE LIVINGTON GROUP • GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$250
Mar 31, 2023

Rep. Burlison, Eric [R-MO-7]

ID: B001316

Top Contributors

21

1
OZARK SHOOT-DON'T SHOOT SOLUTIONS LLC
OrganizationHIGHLANDVILLE, MO
$250
Oct 11, 2024
2
CARNES, CAROL
SELF EMPLOYED • REAL ESTATE AGENT
IndividualSPRINGFIELD, MO
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024
3
WATTS, BARRY
SAVINGYOUTAXES.COM • FINANCIAL ADVISOR
IndividualROGERSVILLE, MO
$3,300
Nov 4, 2024
4
JOHN, STACK
ISAGENIX • INDEPENDENT BUSINESS OWNER
IndividualSPRINGFIELD, MO
$3,300
Nov 20, 2023
5
BRAUER, BEAU
HUNTER ENGINEERING • PRESIDENT
IndividualSAINT LOUIS, MO
$3,300
Jan 4, 2024
6
BRAUER, BEAU
HUNTER ENGINEERING • PRESIDENT
IndividualSAINT LOUIS, MO
$3,300
Jan 4, 2024
7
BRAUER, SUZY
IndividualBRIDGETON, MO
$3,300
Jan 4, 2024
8
BRAUER, SUZY
IndividualBRIDGETON, MO
$3,300
Jan 4, 2024
9
KAMAT, SONA
WEST COUNTY RHEUMATOLOGY • RHEUMATOLOGIST
IndividualSAINT LOUIS, MO
$3,300
Jan 12, 2024
10
WHIRE, DEBBIEJO
KANAKUK • CAMPING
IndividualBRANSON, MO
$3,300
Feb 15, 2024

Rep. Fallon, Pat [R-TX-4]

ID: F000246

Top Contributors

22

1
DODD CG LLC
OrganizationDALLAS, TX
$3,000
Aug 6, 2024
2
NORTH TEXAS RHEUMATOLOGY PA
OrganizationDALLAS, TX
$1,700
Oct 7, 2023
3
PARTEE, SUE
PARTEE ENTERPRISES • OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
IndividualBIG SPRING, TX
$20,757
Oct 10, 2024
4
PARTEE, SUE
IndividualBIG SPRING, TX
$20,757
Dec 3, 2024
5
PENZ, WILLIAM
RODMAN EXCAVATION • VP
IndividualFRISCO, TX
$10,000
Apr 24, 2024
6
GLENDENNING, REX
REX REAL ESTATE • BROKER/OWNER
IndividualCELINA, TX
$5,000
Apr 25, 2024
7
PHILLIPS, BRADFORD
LIBERTY BANKERS • CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER & CHAIRMAN OF
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$5,000
Apr 26, 2024
8
SNYDER, RICK
HEARTPLACE • CARDIOLOGIST
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,425
Nov 5, 2024
9
ADAMS, CAROL
SELF • OIL, GAS & AGRICULTURE
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$3,300
Sep 30, 2023
10
GOTT, JANET
IndividualSHERMAN, TX
$3,300
Aug 16, 2023

Rep. Van Duyne, Beth [R-TX-24]

ID: V000134

Top Contributors

23

1
DEMOCRACY ENGINE (EARMARK)
OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC
$2,500
Aug 10, 2023
2
SYCUAN BAND OF THE KUMEYAAY NATION
OrganizationEL CAJON, CA
$1,000
Aug 2, 2024
3
ALABAMA-COUSHATTA TRIBE
OrganizationLIVINGSTON, TX
$1,000
Oct 24, 2024
4
ALSH, DENNIS
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualSOUTHLAKE, TX
$6,600
Sep 30, 2024
5
SCHWARZMAN, CHRISTINE
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Dec 1, 2023
6
ADAIR, AARON
COPART INC. • CEO
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$6,600
Feb 12, 2024
7
ADAIR, AARON
COPART INC. • CEO
IndividualDALLAS, TX
$6,600
Feb 12, 2024
8
GRIFFIN, KENNETH C. MR.
CITADEL LLC • FOUNDER CEO
IndividualMIAMI BEACH, FL
$6,600
Apr 10, 2023
9
FISHER, KENNETH
FISHER INVESTMENTS • EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024
10
FISHER, SHERRILYN
PLANO 6500 LLC • MEMBER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 23, 2024

Rep. Jackson, Ronny [R-TX-13]

ID: J000304

Top Contributors

20

1
TARPLEY, JAMES
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualRIVERSIDE, CA
$6,600
May 17, 2023
2
TARPLEY, JAMES
IndividualRIVERSIDE, CA
$6,600
May 17, 2023
3
BURKHARDT, JOAN
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualCAMARILLO, CA
$6,534
Sep 27, 2023
4
BURKHARDT, JOAN
IndividualCAMARILLO, CA
$6,534
Sep 29, 2023
5
HIMEBAUGH, PAUL
IndividualHUNTSVILLE, AL
$6,270
Jun 30, 2024
6
ARCHER, LYNNE
ARCHER AUTO GROUP • SECRETARY
IndividualSUGAR LAND, TX
$3,435
Jan 10, 2024
7
ARCHER, LYNNE
IndividualSUGAR LAND, TX
$3,435
Jan 10, 2024
8
BURZYNSKI, STANISLAW
SELF-EMPLOYED • PHYSICIAN
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$3,435
Sep 30, 2024
9
PERRIN, JOE
SELF-EMPLOYED • FARM/RANCH
IndividualHEREFORD, TX
$3,300
Oct 22, 2024
10
DAMBROSIO, KATHLEEN
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualPRICE, UT
$3,300
Dec 20, 2024

Rep. Self, Keith [R-TX-3]

ID: S001224

Top Contributors

21

1
TUCKER HILL HOA
OrganizationALLEN, TX
$300
Jun 15, 2023
2
MULLIGI, GINO
NAPOLIAC'S • MANAGER
IndividualWYLIE, TX
$9,000
May 23, 2023
3
FRITCHER, SAMMY
AIRBORNE ASPECT INC • CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
Aug 19, 2024
4
LOBB, PAT
SELF • CAR DEALER
IndividualFRISCO, TX
$6,600
Aug 31, 2024
5
MYERS, ROBERT
RETIRED • RETIRED
IndividualMCKINNEY, TX
$6,600
May 19, 2023
6
HUFFINES, RAY
HUFFINES AUTO DEALERSHIPS • AUTO DEALER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
May 26, 2023
7
MOSES, FRED
TELCOM ELECTRIC SUPPLY
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,600
Mar 9, 2023
8
LI, QINGSONG
SONGHAO HOLDINGS LLC • OWNER
IndividualPLANO, TX
$6,000
May 3, 2023
9
CHALIN, THOMAS
NONE • RETIRED
IndividualFAIRVIEW, TX
$5,800
Jan 30, 2024
10
CHALIN, THOMAS
NONE • RETIRED
IndividualFAIRVIEW, TX
$5,800
Aug 12, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 46 nodes and 42 connections

Total contributions: $42

Top Donors - Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7]

Showing top 19 donors by contribution amount

19 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 2 helped.

  • +Commercial Banksconfidence 0.80

    Section 2(a)(2) mentions using unexpended funds for payments of principal and interest on the public debt, which could benefit commercial banks involved in government debt financing.

  • Section 2(a)(2) also implies potential benefits for private equity and hedge funds investing in government debt or related financial instruments.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Rep. McCormick, Richard [R-GA-7])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Energy and Related Commissions

Moderate
Vector: 61%
Pages: 419-421AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill promotes fiscal responsibility by incentivizing agencies to reduce waste and cut costs through savings mechanisms, which aligns with Project 2025's emphasis on reducing waste and enhancing efficiency in federal operations, including energy-related agencies. However, the bill does not specifically target energy policy, infrastructure resilience, or clean energy reforms outlined in the Project 2025 section on the Department of Energy."

Key themes:reduce wastecut costsfiscal responsibilityagency efficiencybudget discipline

— 386 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise energy. The Trump Administration took a less aggressive approach in Executive Order 13834, which specified that “each agency shall prioritize actions that reduce waste, cut costs, enhance the resilience of Federal infrastructure and operations, and enable more effective accomplishment of its mission.”64 New Policies A conservative Administration should follow the language of Executive Order 13834 and direct federal agencies to “reduce waste, cut costs, enhance the resilience of Federal infrastructure and operations, and enable more effective accomplish- ment of its mission.” For FEMP, this means focusing on helping federal agencies to follow the law and use energy efficiently and cost-effectively. Budget FEMP was funded at $40 million in FY 2022,65 and slightly less than $170 mil- lion is requested for FY 2023.66 If it is focused on helping the federal government to carry out its statutorily based energy goal, much less money is needed. CLEAN ENERGY CORPS Mission/Overview Under the IIJA, “the Clean Energy Corps is charged with investing more than $62 billion to deliver a more equitable clean energy future for the American peo- ple[.]”67 The Corps says that it will “focus on deploying next generation clean energy technology” to “help America meet its goals of a carbon-free power sector in 2035 and a decarbonized economy in 2050.”68 Needed Reforms The Clean Energy Corps is a taxpayer-funded program to create new govern- ment jobs for employees “who will work together to research, develop, demonstrate, and deploy solutions to climate change.” DOE anticipates recruiting “an additional 1,000 employees using a special hiring authority included in the Bipartisan Infra- structure Law.”69 Taxpayers should not have to fund a cadre of federal employees to promote a partisan political agenda. New Policies Eliminate the Clean Energy Corps by revoking funding and eliminating all posi- tions and personnel hired under the program. Budget Funding for Clean Energy Corps employees is not clearly defined in the FY 2023 DOE budget request. — 387 — Department of Energy and Related Commissions ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION (EIA) Mission/Overview The U.S. Energy Information Administration “collects, analyzes, and dis- seminates independent and impartial energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its inter- action with the economy and the environment.”70 Needed Reforms EIA is not an inherently problematic agency and historically has provided inde- pendent and impartial analysis. Requests for EIA analyses can be made by the Administration or from Members of Congress or congressional committees. EIA needs to be committed to providing unbiased forecasting and data so that poli- cymakers, industry, and the public can have a clear understanding of our energy resources and energy economy. Strong leadership will be needed to ensure that data and reporting are not misused to promote a politicized “energy transition.” New Policies l Clarify levelized cost of electricity. “Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) refers to the estimated revenue required to build and operate a generator over a specified cost recovery period.”71 It is used in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) to compare the cost of technologies to determine which technologies are expected to be constructed in the future. Although it is useful in comparing the costs of resources over time, LCOE can also mask the massive amounts of capital needed to deploy new generation. Moreover, in the case of intermittent resources such as wind and solar, LCOE does not include the cost for backup or firming power from dispatchable resources. EIA should ensure that its reporting provides an accurate assessment of generation costs. The cost of backup power for when wind and solar resources are not available should be included when comparing the technologies and reported as a separate component in the modeling documents. l Revise reserve margins. EIA, in conjunction with FERC, NERC, regional transmission organizations (RTOs), and the electric industry, should change how electric grid reserve margins are defined and calculated. In the past, reserve margins have looked at the amount of nameplate capacity on the grid to serve peak load plus a reserve. With the increasing number of intermittent, nondispatchable resources like wind and solar, peak load and reserve margins need to be reevaluated. Reserve margins need to be timed to load changes throughout the day and consider the availability of dispatchable on-demand resources to meet load when renewables may not be available.

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Moderate
Vector: 61%
Pages: 545-547AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"Both the bill and the Project 2025 HUD section emphasize fiscal responsibility, improved financial controls, and debt reduction, but the bill applies broadly to all federal agencies and does not address HUD‑specific reforms such as devolving functions or consolidating programs."

Key themes:fiscal responsibilityfinancial accountabilitydebt reductionbudget disciplinesavings incentives

— 512 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise housing model. At best, any new public investments will provide maintenance funds to bring substandard housing units and properties up to livability standards but will still fail to address larger aims of upward mobility and dynamism for local housing markets where land can be sold by PHAs and put to greater economic use, thereby benefiting entire local economies through greater private investment, productivity and employment opportunities, and increased tax revenue. Any long-term view of HUD’s future must include maintaining the strong financial operations and reliable reporting that are needed to run a $50 billion- per-year agency. Before the Trump Administration, HUD effectively did not have a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for eight years, and HUD’s financial infrastructure inevitably deteriorated. The department’s auditors were unable to conclude that HUD’s internal operations were producing accurate financial reporting. The audi- tors had identified multiple material weaknesses and significant deficiencies in the department’s internal financial controls. Overall, the deterioration of HUD’s financial infrastructure led to a lack of accountability with respect to the use of taxpayer funds as well as to pervasive difficulties with operations and program implementation. However, by hiring a new CFO from the private sector with a proven track record of visionary leadership, HUD was able to implement an agencywide governance structure that improved its financial processes and internal controls and harnessed the power of innovative new technologies to bring a modernized business mindset to the agency’s financial infrastructure. By the end of the Trump Administration, for the first time in nearly a decade, HUD was able to address all of its previously identified material weaknesses, and the auditors were able to issue their first clean audit report on HUD’s financial statements and internal controls. Finally, and more fundamentally, Congress could consider a wholesale overhaul of HUD that contemplates devolving many HUD functions to states and localities with any remaining federal functions consolidated to other federal agencies (for example, by transferring loan guarantee programs to SBA; moving Indian housing programs to the Department of the Interior; moving rental assistance, mortgage insurance programs, and GNMA to a redesignated Housing and Home Finance Agency). Generally, this reform path could consolidate some programs, elimi- nate others that have failed to produce meaningful long-run results, and narrow the scope of many programs so that they are closer to what they were when they were created. — 513 — Department of Housing and Urban Development ENDNOTES 1. At a 1998 Senate hearing, then-HUD Secretary Andrew Cuomo acknowledged that the department “faced a competence gap” and had “the dubious distinction of being the only federal agency designated as ‘high risk’ by the General Accounting [now Government Accountability] Office (GAO),” even referencing the Section 8 rental subsidy as “on the brink of becoming the next savings and loan scandal,” and explained how the department was stepping up enforcement efforts “focused on closing the competence gap by eliminating waste, fraud, and abuse.” See “Testimony of Secretary Andrew Cuomo before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies,” March 25, 1998, https://archives.hud.gov/ testimony/1998/tst32598.cfm (accessed March 4, 2023). 2. H.R. 7984, Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, Public Law No. 89-117, 89th Congress, August 10, 1965, https://www.congress.gov/89/statute/STATUTE-79/STATUTE-79-Pg451.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Budget in Brief, pp. 2 and 7, https://www.hud.gov/ sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2023_BudgetInBriefFINAL.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 4. For example, the Special Applications Center (SAC) located in Chicago, Illinois, was established in 1998 as a division of the Office of Public and Indian Housing to accept, review, and approve all nonfunded, noncompetitive applications and plans for demolition, disposition, and conversion of land subject to an annual contributions contract (ACC) in public housing. 5. The Secretary has delegated full authority for the Administration and enforcement of the Fair Housing Act to the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity but also has delegated limited assignment and decision-making authority to the General Counsel. 6. Effectively the HUD Chief Operating Officer and appointed by the President with Senate advice and consent. 7. The Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) is an independent adjudicatory office within the Office of the Secretary. Led by a Director who is appointed by the Secretary, it supervises the Administrative Judges of the Office of Appeals, the administrative law judges of the Office of Administrative Law Judges, and the OHA support staff. The HUD Secretary appoints administrative judges and administrative law judges in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. Chapter 5, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/ chapter-5 (accessed March 4, 2023). 8. HUD currently has a Departmental Equity Assessment Working Group, supported with five FTEs funded by the OSDBU, “as part of the President’s Executive Order 13985, Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government.” See U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Congressional Justifications, p. 35-15, https://www.hud.gov/sites/ dfiles/CFO/documents/2023HUDCongressionalJustificationsFINALelectronicversion.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023), and President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Executive Order 13985, “Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government,” January 20, 2021, in Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 14 (January 25, 2021), pp. 7009–7013, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021-01-25/pdf/2021- 01753.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). 9. Interestingly, “[t]he 2023 President’s Budget requests $748 thousand for CFBNP, which is $436 thousand less than the 2022 Annualized CR level. The Budget reflects total funding (carryover and new authority) of $1.2 million, $448 thousand less than 2022 total funding.” U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2023 Congressional Justifications, p. 35-16. 10. See H.R. 558, Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Public Law No. 100-77, 100th Congress, July 22, 1987, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg482.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). Later renamed the McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act. 11. Established under the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, 42 U.S.C. §§ 5301 et seq., https:// www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42 (accessed March 4, 2023). 12. S. 566, Cranston–Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, Public Law No. 101-625, 101st Congress, November 28, 1990, Title II, https://www.congress.gov/101/statute/STATUTE-104/STATUTE-104-Pg4079.pdf (accessed March 5, 2023). 13. S. 1, Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, Public Law No. 91-646, 91st Congress, January 2, 1971, https://www.congress.gov/91/statute/STATUTE-84/STATUTE-84-Pg1894.pdf (accessed March 4, 2023). “The URA establishes the minimum Federal requirements for the acquisition of real property for Federally-funded programs and projects, and for the relocation of persons who must move from

Financial Regulatory Agencies

Weak
Vector: 63%
Pages: 872-874AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill addresses federal agency budgeting and savings mechanisms, while the Project 2025 Financial Regulatory Agencies section focuses on reforms to securities regulators (SEC, FINRA), disclosure rules, and board diversity. There is only a tangential connection through general themes of fiscal responsibility and efficiency."

Key themes:fiscal responsibilitybudget disciplinedebt reduction

— 840 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 5480, Securities Act of 1933, Public Law No. 73-22, 73rd Congress, May 27, 1933, https://govtrackus. s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/48/STATUTE-48-Pg74.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023). 2. H.R. 9323, Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Public Law No. 73-291, 73rd Congress, June 6, 1934, https:// govtrackus.s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/48/STATUTE-48-Pg881a.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023). 3. Mark T. Uyeda, Commissioner, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “Remarks at the 2022 Cato Summit on Financial Regulation,” November 17, 2022, https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/uyeda-remarks- cato-summit-financial-regulation-111722 (accessed February 20, 2023); Hester M. Peirce, Commissioner, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “It’s Not Just Scope 3: Remarks at the American Enterprise Institute,” December 7, 2022, https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/peirce-remarks-american-enterprise-institute-120722 (accessed February 20, 2023); comment letter from David R. Burton to Vanessa A. Countryman, Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, “Re: The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors [File No. S7-10-2; Release No. 33-11042; RIN 3235-AM87],” June 17, 2022, https://www. sec.gov/comments/s7-10-22/s71022-20131980-302443.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023). 4. Size would probably be measured best by public float or the number of beneficial owners. 5. See David R. Burton, “Securities Disclosure Reform,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3178, February 13, 2017, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2017-02/BG3178.pdf; David R. Burton, “Offering and Disclosure Reform,” Chapter 11 in Reframing Financial Regulation: Enhancing Stability and Protecting Consumers, ed. Hester Peirce and Benjamin Klutsey (Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center at George Mason University, 2016), pp. 277–315, https://www.mercatus.org/research/books/reframing-financial-regulation (accessed February 20, 2023); Andrew N. Vollmer, “Investor-Friendly Securities Reform to Increase Economic Growth,” Securities Regulation & Law Report, Bloomberg BNA, Vol. 49, June 5, 2017. 6. See, for example, David R. Burton, “Reforming the Securities and Exchange Commission,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3378, January 30, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2019-01/ BG3378.pdf; Andrew N. Vollmer, “Testimony on Workforce Management Disclosures and Other SEC Issues,” submitted to the Subcommittee on Investor Protection, Entrepreneurship, and Capital Markets, Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, December 6, 2022, https://www.congress.gov/117/ meeting/house/115227/witnesses/HHRG-117-BA16-Wstate-VollmerA-20221208.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David R. Burton, “Reforming FINRA,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3181, February 1, 2017, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2017-02/BG3181.pdf; Hester Peirce, “The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority: Not Self-Regulation After All,” Mercatus Center at George Mason University Working Paper, January 2015, https://www.mercatus.org/research/working-papers/financial-industry-regulatory- authority-not-self-regulation-after-all (accessed February 20, 2023); Thaya Brook Knight, “Transparency and Accountability at the SEC and at FINRA,” Chapter 11 in Prosperity Unleashed: Smarter Financial Regulation, ed. Norbert J. Michel, (Washington: The Heritage Foundation, 2017) https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/ files/2017-02/11_ProsperityUnleashed_Chapter11.pdf. 7. Reorganization Plan No. 10 of 1950, U.S. Code Title 5—Appendix, Reorganization Plans, http://uscode.house. gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5a-node84-leaf114&num=0&edition=prelim (accessed February 20, 2023). 8. The board or commission should evaluate the regulatory functions of the National Securities Exchanges, Registered Securities Future Product Exchanges, Registered Clearing Agencies (such as the Depository Trust Company (DTC), the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) and the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC)), the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB) and the National Futures Association (NFA). This board or commission should have a broad composition and permit minority reports. 9. Boyden Gray & Associates, Comments Submitted on Behalf of Alliance for Fair Board Recruitment Concerning the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change to Adopt Listing Rules Related to Board Diversity, Amendment No. 1, File No. SR-NASDAQ-2020-081, April 6, 2021 https://www.sec.gov/ comments/sr-nasdaq-2020-081/srnasdaq2020081-8639478-230941.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David R. Burton, “Nasdaq’s Proposed Board-Diversity Rule Is Immoral and Has No Basis in Economics,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3591, March 9, 2021, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/ files/2021-03/BG3591_0.pdf. The SEC is contemplating at least two rules that can be expected to require differential treatment based on race, sex, ethnicity, and so on. See Executive Office of the President, Office — 841 — Financial Regulatory Agencies of Management and Budget, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, “Fall 2022 Unified Agenda of Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions: Active Regulatory Actions Listed by Agency,” https://www.reginfo.gov/ public/do/eAgendaMain (accessed February 20, 2023); “Human Capital Management Disclosure,” RIN: 3235- AM88, https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202204&RIN=3235-AM88 (accessed February 20, 2023); “Corporate Board Diversity,” RIN: 3235-AL91, https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/ eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202204&RIN=3235-AL91 (accessed February 20, 2023). 10. 15 U.S. Code § 77z–3, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/77z-3 (accessed February 20, 2023); 15 U.S. Code § 78mm, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/78mm (accessed February 20, 2023). 11. S. ___, Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2022, discussion draft, 117th Congress, 2nd Session, https:// www.banking.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/the_jobs_act_4.0discussiondraft.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David R. Burton, “Entrepreneurial Capital Formation,” Testimony before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate, April 5, 2022, https://www.heritage.org/testimony/entrepreneurial- capital-formation; “Removing Barriers to Small Business Capital Formation and Expanding Investor Opportunities,” Section 6 in Nicholas Anthony, Norbert J. Michel, Jennifer J. Schulp, George Selgin, and Jack Solowey, “Sound Financial Policy: Principled Recommendations for the 118th Congress,” ed. Norbert J. Michel and Ann Rulon, Cato Institute, 2022, pp. 22–27, https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/2022-10/sound- financial-policy-118th-congress.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David R. Burton and Norbert J. Michel, Proposals to Foster Economic Growth and Capital Formation, Submission to Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate, March 18, 2021, https://www.banking.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/David%20 Burton%20and%20Norbert%20Michel%20-%202021-3-18.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David R. Burton, “Improving Entrepreneurs’ Access to Capital: Vital for Economic Growth,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3182, February 14, 2017, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2017-02/BG3182.pdf. 12. The small issues exemptive authority has been in the Securities Act since its initial enactment. 13. The crowdfunding exemption was created by Title III of the 2012 JOBS Act. See H.R. 3606, Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, Public Law No. 112-106, 112th Congress, April 5, 2021, Title III, § 302, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-112publ106/pdf/PLAW-112publ106.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023). 14. Burton, “Improving Entrepreneurs’ Access to Capital: Vital for Economic Growth”; Rutheford B. Campbell Jr., “The Case for Federal Pre-Emption of State Blue Sky Laws,” Chapter 6 in Prosperity Unleashed: Smarter Financial Regulation, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2017-02/06_ProsperityUnleashed_ Chapter06.pdf. 15. Andrew N. Vollmer, “Abandon the Concept of Accredited Investors in Private Securities Offerings,” Securities Regulation Law Journal, Vol. 49, No. 5 (Spring 2021), https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_ id=3719280 (accessed February 20, 2023); Thaya Brook Knight, “Your Money’s No Good Here: How Restrictions on Private Securities Offerings Harm Investors,” Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 833, February 9, 2018, https:// www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa833.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David R. Burton, “Congress Should Increase Access to Private Securities Offerings,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 4899, August 29, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2018-08/IB4899.pdf; Andrew N. Vollmer, “Evidence on the Use of Disclosure Documents in Private Securities Offerings to Accredited Investors,” Mercatus Center at George Mason University Working Paper, October 22, 2020, https://www.mercatus.org/publications/financial-regulation/ evidence-use-disclosure-documents-private-securities-offerings-0 (accessed February 20, 2023). 16. For a detailed discussion, see “Micro-Offerings,” Section IId in Burton and Michel, Proposals to Foster Economic Growth and Capital Formation, pp. 15–17. 17. David R. Burton, “Let Entrepreneurs Raise Capital Using Finders and Private Placement Brokers,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3328, July 10, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2018-07/ BG3328.pdf; Andrew N. Vollmer, “Make It Easy for Startups to Sell Stock,” Mercatus Center at George Mason University Discourse, September 21, 2020, https://www.mercatus.org/bridge/commentary/make-it-easy- startups-sell-stock (accessed February 20, 2023). 18. See H.R. 531, S-Corp Access to Crowdfunding Act, 115th Congress, introduced January 13, 2017, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-115hr531ih/pdf/BILLS-115hr531ih.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023); David Burton, “The Tax Law Makes It Almost Impossible for ‘S Corporations’ to Use Equity Crowdfunding,” The Daily Signal, April 19, 2016, https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/04/19/the-tax-law-makes-it-almost-impossible-for- s-corporations-to-use-equity-crowdfunding/.

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About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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