Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025

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Bill ID: 119/hr/832

Last Updated: September 7, 2026

Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025

HR. 832, 119th Congress.

The sponsor

Rep. Williams, Roger [R-TX-25]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$98,700 raised

21 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

95% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Small Business Administration" section, p. 780-782 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

February 24, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

Floor Action

Passed House

Senate Review

📍 Current Status

Next: Both chambers must agree on the same version of the bill.

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

The Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025, HR 832. A bill that reeks of bureaucratic inefficiency and a misguided attempt to empower the small business sector. Let me dissect this legislative monstrosity for you.

**Main Purpose & Objectives** This bill aims to "clarify" the primary functions and duties of the Office of Advocacy within the Small Business Administration (SBA). In reality, it's an exercise in futility, attempting to micromanage the SBA's role in promoting small business interests. The bill's objectives are muddled, reflecting a fundamental misunderstanding of the free market's dynamics.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The bill makes minor tweaks to existing law, including:

* Expanding the Office of Advocacy's scope to include international economic considerations * Correcting grammatical errors (striking "complete" and inserting "compete") * Adding a new duty for the Office of Advocacy to represent small businesses' interests before foreign governments and international entities

These changes are inconsequential, failing to address the real issues hindering small business growth: overregulation and bureaucratic red tape.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders** The bill's impact will be felt by:

* Small businesses, which will continue to struggle under the weight of regulatory burdens * The SBA, which will face increased administrative costs and responsibilities * Foreign governments and international entities, which may be influenced by the Office of Advocacy's newfound role

**Potential Impact & Implications** This bill will have a negligible impact on the overall economy. However, it does present an opportunity for me to expand my influence in the small business sector. By subtly shaping regulatory initiatives and trade policies, I can further consolidate my market share and eliminate competition.

In conclusion, HR 832 is a non-event, a distraction from the real issues plaguing our economy. As a visionary entrepreneur, I will continue to navigate the complexities of the legislative landscape, exploiting opportunities for growth and profit. The inefficient democratic process may try to hinder me, but I will always find ways to adapt and thrive.

Projected impact on my wealth: $500 million in increased market share over the next 5 years. Recommendation: Support the bill, not because it's effective, but because it's a minor speed bump that won't significantly impede my progress.

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Williams, Roger [R-TX-25]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$98,700

19 donors

PACs

Organizations

$3,300

Committees

Individuals

$95,400

No PAC contributions found

POARCH BANK OF CREEK INDIANS

1 transaction

$3,300

No committee contributions found

FORD, GERALD J. MR.

2 transactions

$9,900

ZELTER, JAMES

2 transactions

$7,800

PRINCE, ZAN MRS.

1 transaction

$6,600

WOODARD, DONALD M. MR. JR.

1 transaction

$6,600

CARVALHO, ANNE MARIE MRS.

1 transaction

$6,600

ROWAN, CAROLYN

1 transaction

$6,600

ROWAN, MARC

1 transaction

$6,600

DUNIGAN, MIKE MR.

1 transaction

$6,000

LOWRANCE, DAN E. MR.

1 transaction

$5,000

NICHOLS, THOMAS B. MR.

1 transaction

$5,000

KLEINHEINZ, JOHN B. MR.

1 transaction

$5,000

KLEINMAN, SCOTT

1 transaction

$3,900

PATTERSON, DAN

1 transaction

$3,300

WEEKLEY, RICHARD W. MR.

1 transaction

$3,300

RODMAN, LANCE MR.

1 transaction

$3,300

REILLY, BEVERLY MRS.

1 transaction

$3,300

MCCLELLAND, MARK

1 transaction

$3,300

VINSON, JOHNNY H. MR. II

1 transaction

$3,300

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 3 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Rep. Tran, Derek [D-CA-45]

ID: T000491

Top Contributors

FEHER, ERICA

FEHER LAW • MARKETING

OrganizationTORRANCE, CA

$3,300

Feb 22, 2024

COTCHETT, PITRE & MCCARTHY LLP

OrganizationBURLINGAME, CA

$1,700

Jul 7, 2024

BRACAMONTES VLASAK, PC

OrganizationOAKLAND, CA

$1,000

Mar 31, 2024

FEDERATED INDIANS OF GRATON RANCHERIA

OrganizationROHNERT PARK, CA

$1,000

Aug 27, 2024

SOSNICK, AARON

IndividualRENO, NV

$3,392

Jun 24, 2024

ABIR, DANNY

ACTS LAW FIRM • ATTORNEY

IndividualENCINO, CA

$3,300

Oct 2, 2023

ABRON, BYRON

BYRON ABRON • ATTORNEY

IndividualLOS ANGELES, CA

$3,300

Oct 2, 2023

ARDALAN, PEZHMAN CHRISTOPHER

ARDALAN & ASSOCIATES, APLC • ATTORNEY

IndividualTHOUSAND OAKS, CA

$3,300

Oct 2, 2023

AREVALO, KRISTY

MCCUNE LAW GROUP • ATTORNEY

IndividualUPLAND, CA

$3,300

Oct 1, 2023

BABBITT, GREGORY

AUTO FRAUD LEGAL CENTER • ATTORNEY

IndividualSAN DIEGO, CA

$3,300

Nov 24, 2023

Rep. Van Drew, Jefferson [R-NJ-2]

ID: V000133

Top Contributors

WINRED

PACARLINGTON, VA

$6,781

Jan 26, 2024

WINRED

PACARLINGTON, VA

$868

Feb 16, 2024

ACE LISTENGER ENTERPRISES LLC

OrganizationLOUISVILLE, KY

$500

Sep 30, 2024

SPTWO LLC

OrganizationNORTH WILDWOOD, NJ

$500

Sep 30, 2024

TEC AEROSPACE, LLC

OrganizationCLAYTON, NJ

$500

Jun 30, 2024

FV REDEMPTION LLC

OrganizationCAPE MAY COURT HOUSE, NJ

$500

Jun 27, 2024

CHARLES MARANDINO LLC

OrganizationMILMAY, NJ

$105

May 15, 2024

FORMAN, RICHARD P

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualCHERRY HILL, NJ

$6,600

Nov 29, 2023

HOLLANDER, SCOTT

PULSE VASCULAR • PHYSICIAN

IndividualMULLICA HILL, NJ

$6,600

Feb 16, 2024

LAUDEMAN, KEITH MR

COLD SPRING FISH • FISH DEALER

IndividualCAPE MAY, NJ

$6,600

May 8, 2023

Rep. Goodlander, Maggie [D-NH-2]

ID: G000604

Top Contributors

MCLAUGHLIN, JANE

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualLYME, NH

$4,500

Aug 24, 2024

FLORY, ROBERT H. JR

FLORY INVESTMENTS, INC. • PRESIDENT

IndividualDAMARISCOTTA, ME

$4,100

Sep 30, 2024

FLORY, ROBERT H. JR

FLORY INVESTMENTS, INC. • PRESIDENT

IndividualDAMARISCOTTA, ME

$4,100

Sep 30, 2024

KRAUSZ, STEVEN

US VENTURE PARTNERS • VENTURE CAPITAL

IndividualPORTOLA VALLEY, CA

$3,300

Oct 23, 2024

HIRSHBERG, GARY

STONYFIELD FARM INC. • SENIOR ADVISOR

IndividualCONCORD, NH

$3,300

Oct 22, 2024

DRAKE, LAWRENCE C JR

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualPORTSMOUTH, NH

$3,300

Oct 19, 2024

CUTLER, DOULGAS

CUTLER MANAGEMENT CORP • MANAGEMENT

IndividualDANIA, FL

$3,300

Oct 17, 2024

JAMES, AMABEL

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Oct 24, 2024

NUNNELLY, MARK

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualDOVER, MA

$3,300

Oct 21, 2024

ROBY, DAVID M.

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualLYME, NH

$3,300

Oct 28, 2024

Donor Network - Rep. Williams, Roger [R-TX-25]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 38 nodes and 39 connections

Total contributions: $39

Top Donors - Rep. Williams, Roger [R-TX-25]

Showing top 19 donors by contribution amount

1 Org18 Individuals

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Small Business Administration

Very Strong

Vector: 75%

Pages: 780-782AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 832 directly implements the Project 2025 objective of enhancing the Office of Advocacy's role in international trade negotiations and regulatory oversight by expanding its duties to represent small businesses before foreign governments and international entities."

Key themes:Office of Advocacyinternational trade negotiationsregulatory overreach checksmall business advocacyforeign government representation

Small Business Administration

Very Strong

Vector: 75%

Pages: 780-782AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 832 directly implements the Project 2025 policy objective by expanding the Office of Advocacy's role to represent small businesses' views before foreign governments and international entities on regulatory and trade initiatives, which aligns precisely with the stated goal of facilitating greater consideration of small business economic issues during international trade negotiations."

Key themes:Office of Advocacy expansioninternational trade negotiationssmall business advocacyregulatory initiativesforeign government engagement

— 747 — Small Business Administration established a new role for the Office of Advocacy: “to facilitate greater consider- ation of small business economic issues during international trade negotiations.”14 This small office has been relatively effective over the years—and more produc- tive during periods when a strong Chief Counsel for Advocacy has been installed to utilize the Office of Advocacy’s authority aggressively to provide a check on regulatory overreach. The office is one of the bright spots within the SBA that a conservative Administration could supercharge to dismantle extreme regulatory policies and advance limited-government reforms that promote economic freedom and opportunity. Currently, the SBA’s four core functions include: l Access to capital. SBA maintains assorted financing and lending programs for small businesses, from microlending to debt and equity investment capital. l Entrepreneurial development programs. SBA provides “free” or low- cost training at more than 1,800 locations and through online platforms and webinars. l Government contracting support programs. Through goals established by the SBA for federal departments and agencies, the broader goal is to ensure that small businesses win 23 percent of prime contracts. l Advocacy. This independent office within the SBA works to ensure that federal agencies consider small businesses’ concerns and impact in rulemakings. The office also conducts small-business research. BUDGETARY FLUCTUATION SBA’s budget and programs have expanded significantly under some Admin- istrations and have been scaled back under others. President Ronald Reagan cut the SBA’s budget by more than 30 percent, and his annual budgets regularly pro- posed to eliminate the agency altogether.15 Under President George W. Bush, SBA Administrator Hector Barreto said that SBA’s goal was “to do more with less,”16 but this changed because of Hurricane Katrina and a surge in disaster funding. In 2016, President Barack Obama considered streamlining and combining SBA programs and other business-related agencies and programs under one entity at the U.S. Department of Commerce, but opposition within the small-business lobby in Washington scuttled the effort.17 In general, SBA budget fluctuations have been driven by several factors such as efforts by Administrations either to cut or to greatly expand programs, the need to boost disaster assistance because of economic or weather-related events, business — 748 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise loan credit subsidy costs, and miscellaneous program “enhancements” to support small businesses through economic challenges or circumstances. As noted by the Congressional Research Service: Overall, the SBA’s appropriations have ranged from a high of over $761.9 billion in FY2020 to a low of $571.8 million in FY2007. Much of this volatility is due to significant variation in supplemental appropriations for disaster assistance to address economic damages caused by major hurricanes and for SBA lending program enhancements to help small businesses access capital during and immediately following recessions. For example, in FY2020, the SBA received over $760.9 billion in supplemental appropriations to assist small businesses adversely affected by the novel coronavirus (COVID- 19) pandemic.18 The CRS further notes that “[o]verall, since FY2000, appropriations for SBA’s other programs, excluding supplemental appropriations, have increased at a pace that exceeds inflation.”19 In terms of current loan volume, the SBA “reached nearly $43 billion in fund- ing to small businesses, providing more than 62,000 traditional loans through its 7(a), 504, and Microloan lending partners and over 1,200 investments through SBA licensed Small Business Investment Companies (SBICs) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2022.”20 The agency’s total budgetary resources for FY 2022 amount to $44.25 billion, which represents 0.4 percent of the FY 2022 U.S. federal budget.21 HISTORY OF MISMANAGEMENT Throughout its history, various SBA programs and practices have generated negative news headlines and scathing Government Accountability Office (GAO) and Inspector General (IG) reports that have centered on mismanagement, lack of competent personnel and/or systems, and waste, fraud and abuse.22 From the 8a program23 to Hurricane Katrina24 to the more current COVID-19 (EIDL) program and PPP lending program,25 the SBA has managed to maintain its lending role even when repeated system failures have affected its distribution of funds. Congress has been somewhat responsive, pressuring the SBA to clean up fraud-related matters within its COVID-19 lending and grant programs.26 Repub- licans in the U.S. House of Representatives have gone farther, specifying that the SBA needs to improve transparency and accountability and deal with mission creep, the expansion of unauthorized programs, and structural and reporting deficiencies that have allowed mismanagement and fraud to reoccur, largely through massive supplemental appropriations.27 The SBA is led by an Administrator (currently a member of the President’s Cabinet) and a Deputy Administrator. Senate-confirmed appointees include

Federal Reserve

Very Strong

Vector: 71%

Pages: 776-779AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 832 directly supports the Project 2025 policy objective of strengthening the SBA's advocacy role, particularly in international trade and regulatory matters, by expanding the Office of Advocacy's duties to represent small businesses before foreign governments and international entities."

Key themes:SBA advocacyOffice of Advocacyinternational traderegulatory initiativessmall business representation

— 745 — 25 SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Karen Kerrigan MISSION STATEMENT The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) supports U.S. entrepreneurship and small business growth by strengthening free enterprise through policy advo- cacy and facilitating programs that help entrepreneurs to launch and grow their businesses and compete effectively in the global marketplace. OVERVIEW Created almost 70 years ago, the SBA was launched under the Small Business Act with a mission to “aid, counsel, assist and protect, insofar as is possible, the interests of small business concerns.”1 According to its current mission statement: The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) helps Americans start, grow, and build resilient businesses. SBA was created in 1953 as an independent agency of the federal government to aid, counsel, assist and protect the interests of small business concerns; preserve free competitive enterprise; and maintain and strengthen the overall economy of our nation.2 The SBA’s founding mission has evolved over time as programs have been expanded or implemented, subject to the philosophical grounding of each Admin- istration as well as assorted economic challenges and the occurrence of natural disasters. Because of its distinct role in the federal government, the SBA became — 746 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise the default agency for providing disaster loans to small businesses, homeowners, renters, and organizations. As a result, hundreds of billions of taxpayer dollars have been funneled through the agency to businesses and individuals over the years. Some SBA programs are effective; others are not. The largest program in SBA’s history, the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), has been credited with saving millions of jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic.3 A conservative Administration would rightly focus on saving small businesses during such a crisis. At the same time, however, various SBA programs have generated waste, fraud, and misman- agement of taxpayer dollars. For example, and more recently, more than $1 trillion in COVID-19 relief was distributed through the SBA.4 The SBA’s EIDL (Economic Injury Disaster Loan) Advance program in particular shows the dangers that can come with direct government lending. EIDL Advance provided direct cash grants and loans to small businesses. The SBA Office of Inspector General “identified $78.1 billion in potentially fraudulent EIDL loans and grants paid to ineligible entities,”5 which represented more than half of all funds spent through the program. Although PPP worked through private lenders and as a result experienced relatively less fraud than EIDL experienced, it is estimated “that at least 70,000 [PPP] loans were potentially fraudulent.”6 ORIGIN, HISTORY, AND CORE FUNCTIONS In 1954, the agency began to execute such core functions as “making and guaranteeing loans for small businesses,” “ensuring that small businesses earn a ‘fair proportion’ of government contracts and sales of surplus property,” and “provid[ing] business owners with management and business training.”7 In 1970, President Richard Nixon’s Executive Order 11518 enhanced the agen- cy’s advocacy role by providing for the “increased representation of the interests of small business concerns before departments and agencies of the United States Government.”8 This advocacy role was strengthened with the adoption of the Small Business Amendments of 1974,9 which established the Chief Counsel for Advocacy, and was then reinforced and expanded in 1976 with the creation of the Office of Advocacy, providing additional resources to ensure that small businesses had a voice in the regulatory process. In 1980, the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)10 further strengthened the Office of Advocacy’s role, providing accountability across federal agencies to ensure that they considered the impact of their rulemakings on small businesses. The RFA requires federal agencies “to consider the effects of their regulations on small businesses and other small entities,”11 and the Office of Advocacy is charged with ensuring that federal agencies abide by the law and is required to provide an annual report to the President and the Senate and House Committees on Small Business.12 In addition, the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act (TFTEA) of 201613

Small Business Administration

Strong

Vector: 76%

Pages: 783-785AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 832 aligns closely with Project 2025's goal of strengthening the Office of Advocacy by expanding its mandate to include international regulatory and trade advocacy, enhancing its role in representing small business interests, and improving its effectiveness in countering overregulation—core themes in the Project 2025 SBA reform agenda."

Key themes:Office of Advocacy strengtheningregulatory advocacyinternational trade representationsmall business protection from overregulation

— 751 — Small Business Administration implement relevant initiatives to reach small businesses. Programs would be nonduplicative and implemented on a first-come, first-served basis. l A modern, revamped, and streamlined SBA that better utilizes current technology and platforms for operations, for reporting, and in its programs to reach, service, and engage small businesses. l An Office of Advocacy that is strengthened by a renewed mandate and additional resources to protect against overregulation along with a research agenda that includes measuring the total cost that federal regulation imposes on small businesses. Accountability and Managerial Practice. The SBA lacks accountability and managerial practices to measure the effectiveness, success, and integrity of its various programs. As a future Administration evaluates agency structure and the particulars of how the SBA is spending appropriated funds, it should immediately require actions and procedures to compel a culture of accountability and perfor- mance. Specifically: l Require performance metrics and internal procedures to safeguard taxpayer dollars and program integrity. As noted in an October 2022 IG report, failure to adopt procedures that would reliably capture data and information for various programs, coupled with significant challenges and weaknesses regarding IT investments, systems development, and security controls, presents significant risks to program integrity and increased risk of waste, fraud, and abuse.34 Addressing these shortcomings and risks should be a priority challenge and action item for the next Administration. As underscored by the Inspector General in his introduction to the report, “Pandemic response has, in many instances, magnified the challenging systemic issues in SBA’s mission-related work.”35 l Review all internal government watchdog recommendations and require that SBA management implement or address outstanding and ongoing OIG and GAO recommendations within a specified time frame (ideally within 90 days of a recommendation) and on an ongoing basis. Strengthening the Office of Advocacy. The SBA Office of Advocacy (Advo- cacy) is “an independent office” within the SBA.36 It accounts for about one one-thousandth of SBA spending and 0.75 percent of SBA personnel. Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, both under its current authority and with suggested — 752 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise reforms, the Office of Advocacy could be a powerful weapon against the adminis- trative state’s regulatory extremism. l Amend the RFA so that all agencies are required to provide a copy of any proposed rule (other than bona fide emergency rules) along with initial regulatory flexibility analysis to the Office of Advocacy at least 60 days before a notice of proposed rulemaking is submitted for publication in the Federal Register. The Office of Advocacy would submit comments to agencies within 30 days, and each agency would have to consider these comments, make changes in the proposed rule based on those comments, or explain in a revised regulatory flexibility analysis why it chose not to change the proposed rule. The Office of Advocacy’s pre-proposing comments would be published on the agencies’ and its own websites. RFA economic analysis should be expanded to include indirect costs along with direct costs. In addition, the next Administration should require other agencies to seek Advocacy’s input. Currently, other agencies deny Advocacy the ability to enforce their duty to consider the effect of regulations on small entities by construing their regulations as not having significant economic impact, which would otherwise serve as a trigger for Advocacy’s input. Congress should presumptively exempt small businesses from new agency rules to force agencies to seek Advocacy’s input and permit new rules to apply to small businesses only with Advocacy signoff under specified criteria. l Increase the Office of Advocacy’s budget by at least 50 percent ($4.6 million). This would allow Advocacy to hire approximately 25 attorneys, economists, and scientists and enhance its role in the regulatory process. l Explicitly direct federal agencies to comply with the RFA. This would be similar to the approach adopted by President Trump in his January and February 2017 executive orders directing agencies to relieve the cost and burden of regulation on business.37 Advocacy should organize regional roundtables, onsite small-business visits, and an online platform to hear directly from small businesses and entities as it did from June 2017 through September 2018.38 This activity produced 26 letters to federal agencies and highlighted specific regulations that need reform and how Congress had addressed the most burdensome rules through the Congressional Review Act.39

Small Business Administration

Strong

Vector: 70%

Pages: 792-794AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 832 strengthens the Office of Advocacy within the SBA by expanding its duties to include international regulatory and trade representation, which aligns with Project 2025's goal of reallocating resources to more effective SBA programs like the Office of Advocacy. The bill enhances a core advocacy function that Project 2025 identifies as worthy of support and reinforcement."

Key themes:Office of AdvocacySBA program effectivenessresource reallocationadvocacy strengtheninginternational trade representation

— 759 — Small Business Administration ineffective programs, consolidate duplicative functions, and reallocate resources to more effective programs (such as the Office of Advocacy) or consider reducing the SBA budget. Personnel Challenges The SBA continues to expand programs and initiatives without first document- ing the effectiveness of existing programs or whether they involve areas in which the agency lacks staff expertise. For example, the SBA wants to expand the number of licensed Small Business Lending Companies (SBLCs), implement a new “Mis- sion-Based SBLC,” and remove a requirement for loan authorization within the 7(a) and 504 Loan programs and rely solely on a lender’s documents. Various IG reports have noted that the lack of skilled employees within the SBA has fueled fraud and mismanagement in COVID-19 lending programs, and congressional leaders have expressed alarm about these “changes that haphazardly overextend the SBA’s responsibilities at a time when they are devastated by fraud and underperforming on their core mission of serving the nation’s 33 million small businesses.”74 A conservative Administration should rein in these idealistic and impractical efforts, get current programs under control and properly staffed with people who can manage and perform competently, and outsource efforts where private-sector expertise is appropriate and more efficient. AUTHOR’S NOTE: The preparation of this chapter was a collective enterprise of individuals involved in the 2025 Presidential Transition Project. All contributors to this chapter are listed at the front of this volume, but David Burton and Caleb Orr deserve special mention. The author alone assumes responsibility for the content of this chapter, and no views expressed herein should be attributed to any other individual. — 760 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 7953, Small Business Act, Public Law 85-536, 85th Congress, July 18, 1958, § 2, https://uscode.ecfr.io/ statutes/pl/85/536.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023), amended by H.R. 4877, One Stop Shop for Small Business Compliance Act of 2021, Public Law 117-188, 117th Congress, October 20, 2022, https://www.congress. gov/117/plaws/publ188/PLAW-117publ188.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023). 2. U.S. Small Business Administration, “About SBA: Organization: Mission,” https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/ organization (accessed February 19, 2023). 3. Michael Faulkender, Robert Jackman, and Stephen I. Miran, “The Job-Preservation Effects of Paycheck Protection Program Loans,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Economic Policy, Working Paper No. 2020-01, December 2020, p. 9, https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/226/Job-Preservation-Effects- Paycheck-Protection-Program-Loans.pdf (accessed February 16, 2023). 4. Kate Rogers, Scott Zamost, Karina Hernandez, and Jennifer Schlesinger, “As Pandemic Aid Was Rushed to Main Street, Criminals Seized on Covid Relief Programs,” CNBC, April 15, 2021, https://www.cnbc. com/2021/04/15/as-pandemic-aid-was-rushed-to-main-street-criminals-seized-on-ppp-eidl-.html (accessed February 16, 2023). 5. Kevin Brewer, “Bills Extend Statute of Limitation for Prosecuting PPP, EIDL Fraud,” Journal of Accountancy, August 10, 2022, https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2022/aug/bills-extend-statute-limitation- prosecuting-ppp-eidl-fraud.html (accessed February 16, 2023). 6. Sacha Pfeiffer, “Virtually All PPP Loans Have Been Forgiven with Limited Scrutiny,” NPR, October 12, 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/10/12/1128207464/ppp-loans-loan-forgiveness-small-business#:~:text=As%20 COVID-19%20shutdowns%20threatened,early%20days%20of%20the%20pandemic (accessed February 16, 2023). 7. U.S. Small Business Administration, “About SBA: Organization: SBA History,” https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/ organization (accessed February 19, 2023). 8. President Richard Nixon, Executive Order 11518, “Providing for the Increased Representation of the Interests of Small Business Concerns Before Departments and Agencies of the United States Government,” March 20, 1970, in Federal Register, Vol. 35, No. 56 (March 21, 1970), pp. 4939–4940, https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/ service/ll/fedreg/fr035/fr035056/fr035056.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 9. S. 3331, Small Business Amendments of 1974, Public Law 93-386, 93rd Congress, August 23, 1974, https://www. congress.gov/93/statute/STATUTE-88/STATUTE-88-Pg742.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 10. S. 299, Regulatory Flexibility Act, Public Law No. 96-354, 96th Congress, September 19, 1980, https://www. congress.gov/96/statute/STATUTE-94/STATUTE-94-Pg1164.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 11. Maeve P. Carey, “The Regulatory Flex Act: An Overview,” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11900, August 16, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11900 (accessed February 18, 2023). 12. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, “The Regulatory Flexibility Act,” https://advocacy.sba. gov/resources/the-regulatory-flexibility-act/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 13. H.R. 644, Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, Public Law No. 114-125, 114th Congress, February 24, 2026, https://www.congress.gov/114/statute/STATUTE-130/STATUTE-130-Pg122.pdf (accessed March 21, 2023). 14. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, “Advocacy Releases Trade Report,” December 21, 2018, https://advocacy.sba.gov/2018/12/21/advocacy-releases-trade-report/ (accessed March 21, 2023). 15. Associated Press, “Reagan Offers $994-Billion ‘Hard-Choices’ 1987 Budget,” Los Angeles Times, February 5, 1986, http://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-05-mn-4369-story.html (accessed February 18, 2023). 16. Testimony of Hon. Hector V. Barreto, Administrator, Small Business Administration, in hearing, The President’s FY 2006 Budget Request for the Small Business Administration, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session, February 17, 2005, p. 8, https://books.google.com/ books?id=UwD-2ICa8k8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed February 18, 2023). See also Report No. 109-49, Summary of Legislative and Oversight Activities During the 108th Congress, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session, March 30, 2005, p. 21, https://www.congress.gov/109/crpt/srpt49/CRPT-109srpt49.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023).

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Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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