Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2025

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Bill ID: 119/s/1659

Last Updated: August 9, 2026

Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2025

S. 1659, 119th Congress — read as touching Commercial Banks.

The sponsor

Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$71,000 raised

22 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

55% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Small Business Administration" section, p. 795-797 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Held at the desk.

August 7, 2025

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed Senate

🏛️

House Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

The Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2025, S. 1659, is a bill that primarily serves the interests of bankruptcy trustees and the United States Trustee System Fund. As a self-serving billionaire, I'll analyze this bill through the lens of wealth and power implications.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of this bill is to increase the compensation of chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees from $60 per case to $120 per case, which has not been adjusted since 1994. This change aims to bring trustee compensation more in line with inflation and the increasing costs associated with bankruptcies.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill makes several key changes:

1. Increases chapter 7 bankruptcy trustee compensation from $60 to $120 per case. 2. Amends the United States Trustee System Fund to increase funding through fee adjustments. 3. Extends the term of certain temporary offices of bankruptcy judges.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The primary stakeholders affected by this bill are:

1. Chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees, who will receive increased compensation. 2. The United States Trustee System Fund, which will receive additional funding. 3. Bankruptcy courts and judges, who may see an increase in workload due to the extension of temporary offices.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** From a wealth and power perspective, this bill has several implications:

1. Increased costs for debtors and creditors: The increased compensation for trustees and fees associated with bankruptcies may lead to higher costs for individuals and businesses navigating the bankruptcy system. 2. Consolidation of power: By increasing funding for the United States Trustee System Fund, the bill may further consolidate power within the federal government's bankruptcy administration. 3. Potential impact on small businesses and entrepreneurs: The increased costs and complexity associated with bankruptcies may disproportionately affect small businesses and entrepreneurs, potentially limiting their access to credit and capital.

As a self-serving billionaire, I view this bill as an opportunity to further entrench my interests in the financial sector. By supporting this bill, I can ensure that the bankruptcy system remains favorable to large corporations and wealthy individuals like myself, while potentially limiting opportunities for smaller competitors.

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$922,556

468 donors

PACs

Organizations

$5,000

Committees

Individuals

$917,556

No PAC contributions found

CHEROKEE NATION

2 transactions

$5,000

No committee contributions found

ALLEN, HERBERT

2 transactions

$6,600

BALLARD, BRIAN D.

2 transactions

$6,600

BARNETT, BARRY

2 transactions

$6,600

BERNSTEIN, JAY

2 transactions

$6,600

CHEN, YU

2 transactions

$6,600

CHIANG, MING

2 transactions

$6,600

FIELD, DAVID

2 transactions

$6,600

GORDON, PATRICIA

2 transactions

$6,600

GRANIERI, ROBERT

2 transactions

$6,600

ISAKSON, JOHN

2 transactions

$6,600

JENKINS, MICHAEL

2 transactions

$6,600

KARP, ALEXANDER C.

2 transactions

$6,600

KRAMER, ORIN

2 transactions

$6,600

LEVY, M. CHASE

2 transactions

$6,600

LOGOTHETIS, GEORGE

2 transactions

$6,600

LOGOTHETIS, NITZIA

2 transactions

$6,600

MIRZAIE, REZA

2 transactions

$6,600

MUTCHNIK, NICOLE

2 transactions

$6,600

ORSZAG, PETER

2 transactions

$6,600

PENNER, EILEEN

2 transactions

$6,600

ROSEN, DANIEL

2 transactions

$6,600

ROSEN, JACK

2 transactions

$6,600

SECUNDA, THOMAS

2 transactions

$6,600

WARE, LESLIE D.

2 transactions

$6,600

WASSERMAN, CASEY

2 transactions

$6,600

ZHAO, PENG

2 transactions

$6,600

POMPER, BRIAN

4 transactions

$6,300

SCHRAGER, ALAN

2 transactions

$5,800

DUNHAM, BENJAMIN E.

2 transactions

$5,000

EVANS, HEATHER

3 transactions

$5,000

FLEISCHMANN, ALAN

2 transactions

$5,000

GOODMAN, ROBERT

2 transactions

$5,000

LITTERMAN, MARY

2 transactions

$5,000

NEALON, DENNIS

2 transactions

$5,000

NEWMAN, MARK

2 transactions

$5,000

OLAJIDE, JOHN

2 transactions

$5,000

OLAJIDE, RON

2 transactions

$5,000

OLOWU, ANDREW

2 transactions

$5,000

PAVEY, ROBERT

2 transactions

$5,000

RAJ, DEEPAK

2 transactions

$5,000

RHODES, MICHAEL

2 transactions

$5,000

SANDELL, SCOTT

2 transactions

$5,000

VENKATAKRISHNAN, C. S.

2 transactions

$5,000

VERGNANO, MARK P.

2 transactions

$5,000

WEBSTER, TODD

4 transactions

$5,000

WOODS, ANDREW L.

2 transactions

$5,000

YESSIN, BRENT

2 transactions

$5,000

CAREY, JAMES

2 transactions

$4,800

BILLINGSLEY, TARA

2 transactions

$4,000

MICALI, MARK A.

4 transactions

$3,700

ROSEN, ERIC

6 transactions

$3,500

ADELSON, JAMES

1 transaction

$3,300

ARNOLD, LAURA

1 transaction

$3,300

BEEUWKES, NANCY

1 transaction

$3,300

BEEUWKES, REINIER III

1 transaction

$3,300

BERNSTEIN, JILL

1 transaction

$3,300

BRADWAY, ROBERT ALAN

1 transaction

$3,300

CASSIDY, BERNARD

1 transaction

$3,300

CERIALE, JOHN

1 transaction

$3,300

CHEN, THOMAS

1 transaction

$3,300

CHU, MORGAN

1 transaction

$3,300

CROWLEY, MATTHEW

1 transaction

$3,300

CUNNINGHAM, NELSON

1 transaction

$3,300

DAWSON, SAM

1 transaction

$3,300

FARES, ZEINA

1 transaction

$3,300

FENSTER, MARC

1 transaction

$3,300

FORBES, JEFFREY

1 transaction

$3,300

FRISCHLING, GARY

1 transaction

$3,300

GARY, MARC

1 transaction

$3,300

GATES, WILLIAM H. III

1 transaction

$3,300

GERSH, BOB

1 transaction

$3,300

GORDON, MARC

1 transaction

$3,300

HORWITZ, JEFF

1 transaction

$3,300

IANCU, LUIZA

1 transaction

$3,300

ISAKSON, SUSAN

1 transaction

$3,300

JOSEPH, MARK

1 transaction

$3,300

KAGAN, JONATHAN

1 transaction

$3,300

KEMPNER, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$3,300

LAMINE, JAMES

1 transaction

$3,300

MICHELSON, GARY KARLIN

1 transaction

$3,300

MINHAS, SANDIP

1 transaction

$3,300

MINSKY, YARON

1 transaction

$3,300

MORIDI, ALI

1 transaction

$3,300

NATHANSON, MARC

1 transaction

$3,300

PATHOMVANICH, DAN

1 transaction

$3,300

SCHELL, PRESTON A.

1 transaction

$3,300

SCHOENFELD, JEFFREY

1 transaction

$3,300

SHARP, MELANIE K.

2 transactions

$3,300

STEIN, GIDEON

1 transaction

$3,300

STEIN, KEVIN

1 transaction

$3,300

SUSMAN, ELLEN

1 transaction

$3,300

TAND, MOHAMMAD R.

2 transactions

$3,300

TATE, DANIEL JR

1 transaction

$3,300

WEATHERWAX, KENNETH

1 transaction

$3,300

WEISENFELD, ANDREW

1 transaction

$3,300

MIRMEHDI, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$3,231

RIBMAN, DARCY

1 transaction

$3,200

AMMON, CAROL

2 transactions

$3,000

CHEN, LIREN

2 transactions

$3,000

100

COSTA, JOSE

1 transaction

$3,000

101

DEWAR, CLAIRE

2 transactions

$3,000

102

FRENCH, JAMES

1 transaction

$3,000

103

HOWARD, HENRY B.

1 transaction

$3,000

104

JACOBY, TEREZA

1 transaction

$3,000

105

LIPPMAN, HARLEY

1 transaction

$3,000

106

STEINER, JOSHUA

1 transaction

$3,000

107

SZLAVIK, JOSEPH J.

1 transaction

$3,000

108

ZAKUSILO, FEDOR P.

1 transaction

$3,000

109

ELIAS, GREGG

2 transactions

$3,000

110

BONDERMAN, CALE

1 transaction

$2,900

111

DEBBANE, RAYMOND FRANCOIS

1 transaction

$2,900

112

DRISCOLL, JOHN J. JR.

1 transaction

$2,900

113

FARES, NIJAD

1 transaction

$2,900

114

GHARIB, MORTEZA

1 transaction

$2,900

115

HARMAN, JANE

1 transaction

$2,900

116

LAUDER, GARY M.

1 transaction

$2,900

117

LAUDER, LAURA

1 transaction

$2,900

118

TAMER, ALBERT

1 transaction

$2,900

119

KAPPOS, DAVID

1 transaction

$2,800

120

PEARSON, RACHEL

2 transactions

$2,700

121

ARCANGELI, PAUL

1 transaction

$2,500

122

ARCH, AMANDA

2 transactions

$2,500

123

BERSTEIN, MURRAY

1 transaction

$2,500

124

BOCK, PAUL

2 transactions

$2,500

125

DEUTCH, PHILIP J.

1 transaction

$2,500

126

DIGNAM, DENISE M.

1 transaction

$2,500

127

FAMILIAR, GERARDO

1 transaction

$2,500

128

FONTHEIM, CLAUDE

1 transaction

$2,500

129

KAUFMAN, DEREK

1 transaction

$2,500

130

KHAN, SAMI

1 transaction

$2,500

131

LOCK, JONATHAN

1 transaction

$2,500

132

MARTINKO, JOSEPH

1 transaction

$2,500

133

MELTON, EMILY

1 transaction

$2,500

134

PAGANO, EDWARD

2 transactions

$2,500

135

PODESTA, HEATHER

1 transaction

$2,500

136

PUTALA, CHRIS

1 transaction

$2,500

137

REILLY, BRIAN

1 transaction

$2,500

138

ROBERTI, VINCENT SR.

2 transactions

$2,500

139

RYAN, KEVIN

2 transactions

$2,500

140

SAJADI, SEYED

2 transactions

$2,500

141

SALOM, LEO

1 transaction

$2,500

142

SHERR, STEVE

1 transaction

$2,500

143

SMITH, GREGORY

1 transaction

$2,500

144

SNYDER, BERYL L.

1 transaction

$2,500

145

SOLOMON, JEFFREY

1 transaction

$2,500

146

STANTON, MARY BETH

1 transaction

$2,500

147

TATE, SCOTT

1 transaction

$2,500

148

VILLONE, DOUGLAS P. JR

1 transaction

$2,500

149

WELLMAN, KRISTINE

1 transaction

$2,500

150

WRIGHT, TAYLOR

1 transaction

$2,500

151

SAAB, GHASSAN

2 transactions

$2,300

152

SEBASTIAN, AMY

2 transactions

$2,200

153

O'BRIEN, LAWRENCE III

3 transactions

$2,100

154

TISCH, LAURIE

1 transaction

$2,100

155

YU, SANG

1 transaction

$2,100

156

FERTIK, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$2,016

157

ALLISON, GRAHAM

2 transactions

$2,000

158

BALDWIN, DAVID

1 transaction

$2,000

159

BUSCHER, JOHN

2 transactions

$2,000

160

BUTTERWORTH, AUSTIN

1 transaction

$2,000

161

CHAPMAN, CHRISTOPHER STUART

2 transactions

$2,000

162

CRANTON, TIM

3 transactions

$2,000

163

FLECK, JOEL

1 transaction

$2,000

164

FOSTER, GLENN

1 transaction

$2,000

165

GLICKMAN, DAVID

1 transaction

$2,000

166

GROSSMAN, MARLA

1 transaction

$2,000

167

GROVE, CHRISTOPHER

1 transaction

$2,000

168

GUNDERSHEIMER, JOSHUA

1 transaction

$2,000

169

HONG, CHUCK

1 transaction

$2,000

170

JACOBY, PETER G.

1 transaction

$2,000

171

KAZEROUNIAN, JILA

1 transaction

$2,000

172

LAWSON, PATROSKI

2 transactions

$2,000

173

MATHIAS, DALE

2 transactions

$2,000

174

MERRILL, JACQUELINE

1 transaction

$2,000

175

MOORE, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$2,000

176

NEMOVI, MOSTAFA

1 transaction

$2,000

177

NEUWIRTH, JACQUELINE

1 transaction

$2,000

178

REISS, JOEL

1 transaction

$2,000

179

RUSSELL, GRAHAM

1 transaction

$2,000

180

SCARAMUCCI, ANTHONY

1 transaction

$2,000

181

STILL, CORINNE

1 transaction

$2,000

182

WELSH, AARON

1 transaction

$2,000

183

WOLFE, WILLIAM J.

2 transactions

$2,000

184

THORSEN, DANIELLE

1 transaction

$1,900

185

JAYARAMAN, PARTHIBAN

2 transactions

$1,825

186

LEWIS, JACQUELINE

2 transactions

$1,800

187

PETERSON, MICHAEL A.

1 transaction

$1,800

188

WOLMAN, JEFFREY

1 transaction

$1,800

189

REIFSCHNEIDER, ERIC M.

1 transaction

$1,750

190

AHMADI, SAEID

1 transaction

$1,700

191

WEBSTER, CHRISTOPHER

1 transaction

$1,700

192

GHAZAL, JAY

2 transactions

$1,600

193

BERNSTEIN, MATTHEW C.

1 transaction

$1,500

194

BURNS, RICHARD

1 transaction

$1,500

195

CARP, BERT

1 transaction

$1,500

196

FECHNER, HOLLY

1 transaction

$1,500

197

FETTIG, DWIGHT

1 transaction

$1,500

198

HANDLOFF, RICHARD

3 transactions

$1,500

199

HARRIS, RICHARD

1 transaction

$1,500

200

HICKMOTT, ROBERT

1 transaction

$1,500

201

HONG, JOCELYN

2 transactions

$1,500

202

HOOPES, ROBERT

1 transaction

$1,500

203

HORTON, CRAIG

1 transaction

$1,500

204

KLEIN, ISRAEL

2 transactions

$1,500

205

KOWALSKI, NOAH

1 transaction

$1,500

206

MAXFIELD, MELISSA

1 transaction

$1,500

207

MCLEROY, LUKE

1 transaction

$1,500

208

MERRIGAN, JOHN

1 transaction

$1,500

209

MESSNER, GRACE

2 transactions

$1,500

210

OHANLON, GERALD

1 transaction

$1,500

211

PUTALA, CHRISTOPHER

2 transactions

$1,500

212

RICCHETTI, JEFF

1 transaction

$1,500

213

RITTER, DANIEL

1 transaction

$1,500

214

ROTHSTEIN, STUART

1 transaction

$1,500

215

TOMOVICH, LILI

1 transaction

$1,500

216

VANEK, JAMES

1 transaction

$1,500

217

VERSCHELL, SHARI

1 transaction

$1,500

218

WALKER, JACOB

1 transaction

$1,400

219

ROBINSON, SHAWN

1 transaction

$1,300

220

BOOMROD, AHMED

1 transaction

$1,200

221

CHAMMAS, MICHEL

1 transaction

$1,200

222

KASSOUF, JAMES

1 transaction

$1,200

223

MUSA, ABIE

1 transaction

$1,200

224

SHOUHAYIB, KAMAL

1 transaction

$1,200

225

ABERNETHY, CHRISTOPHER

1 transaction

$1,000

226

ADAMS, TIFFANY N.

1 transaction

$1,000

227

AHMAR, MOHAMED

1 transaction

$1,000

228

BELL, JAMES EDWARD

1 transaction

$1,000

229

BERTELSEN, GREG

1 transaction

$1,000

230

BIRNHOLZ, RICHARD

1 transaction

$1,000

231

BLAZEK, PHILIP

1 transaction

$1,000

232

BLOOM, JONATHAN O.

1 transaction

$1,000

233

BRAMWELL, ADAM

1 transaction

$1,000

234

BRATHWAITE, PAUL A.

1 transaction

$1,000

235

BREZSKI, RICH

1 transaction

$1,000

236

BROYDRICK, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$1,000

237

BURNS, ALEXANDRA

1 transaction

$1,000

238

CABELLY, ROBERT

1 transaction

$1,000

239

CHARNEY, DAN

1 transaction

$1,000

240

CHAZEN, DAVID

1 transaction

$1,000

241

CONRAD, KENT

1 transaction

$1,000

242

CORUZZI, LAURA

1 transaction

$1,000

243

CROWE, ROBERT B.

1 transaction

$1,000

244

DAILEY, KIRK

1 transaction

$1,000

245

DRISCOLL, JERRY

1 transaction

$1,000

246

EISBROUCH, DAVID

1 transaction

$1,000

247

ESTES, MAIA

1 transaction

$1,000

248

FARJAMI, FARSHAD

1 transaction

$1,000

249

FEINGERTS, BRADLEY

1 transaction

$1,000

250

FLYNN, MARY

1 transaction

$1,000

251

GELBMAN, SCOTT

1 transaction

$1,000

252

GENN, GIL

1 transaction

$1,000

253

GERSH, ROBERT

1 transaction

$1,000

254

GIAMO, CHRIS

1 transaction

$1,000

255

GLASSCO, DAVID

1 transaction

$1,000

256

GOLD, RICHARD M

1 transaction

$1,000

257

GORE, SARAH IVES

1 transaction

$1,000

258

GREGORIAN, JAMIE

1 transaction

$1,000

259

HAGEN, ALFRED

1 transaction

$1,000

260

HALL, BRYANT

1 transaction

$1,000

261

HALLAHAN, PATRICK

1 transaction

$1,000

262

HAMRA, GREGORY

1 transaction

$1,000

263

HANKIN, MARC

1 transaction

$1,000

264

HAZZOURI, EDWARD JOSEPH

1 transaction

$1,000

265

HEALY, DANIEL

1 transaction

$1,000

266

HEINRICH, ALAN

1 transaction

$1,000

267

HETZLER, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$1,000

268

HILL, LAURIE

2 transactions

$1,000

269

HIRSCHBERG, GARY EVAN

1 transaction

$1,000

270

HORWICH, ADA

1 transaction

$1,000

271

HURVITZ, JOSH

1 transaction

$1,000

272

HUSTON, JOSEPH H. JR

2 transactions

$1,000

273

JONES, CAROLINE

1 transaction

$1,000

274

JONES, COLLIN

1 transaction

$1,000

275

JONES, J. JONATHON

1 transaction

$1,000

276

KACHNER, MARK

1 transaction

$1,000

277

KAISERMAN, MAX

1 transaction

$1,000

278

KAPLAN, RICHARD

1 transaction

$1,000

279

KEELEY, GREG

1 transaction

$1,000

280

KEKST, DAVID

1 transaction

$1,000

281

KLEIN, BENJAMIN

1 transaction

$1,000

282

KOUNTOUPES, LISA

1 transaction

$1,000

283

KOZLOWSKI, HOLLY

1 transaction

$1,000

284

LARUE, ANDREA

1 transaction

$1,000

285

LEE, MYUNG

1 transaction

$1,000

286

LEGEYT, CURTIS

1 transaction

$1,000

287

LEITER, DAVID

1 transaction

$1,000

288

LITTMAN, OWEN

1 transaction

$1,000

289

LOWENSTEIN, NATHAN

1 transaction

$1,000

290

LUBETZKY, DANIEL

1 transaction

$1,000

291

LUKIS, SYLVESTER

1 transaction

$1,000

292

MALMGREN, COREY

1 transaction

$1,000

293

MANTZ, JONATHAN

1 transaction

$1,000

294

MARCHETTI, LOUIS

1 transaction

$1,000

295

MARKELL, JACK

1 transaction

$1,000

296

MASALOSALO, BRITTANY

1 transaction

$1,000

297

MASSIE, JIM

1 transaction

$1,000

298

MCCOY, DUJUAN

1 transaction

$1,000

299

MCKAY, MIKE E.

1 transaction

$1,000

300

MEIMAN, KELLIE A.

1 transaction

$1,000

301

MILLER, CHRISTOPHER

1 transaction

$1,000

302

MILLER, RACHEL

1 transaction

$1,000

303

MOLINO, TIMOTHY

1 transaction

$1,000

304

MORROW, XINLIN

1 transaction

$1,000

305

MULLEN, MIKE

1 transaction

$1,000

306

NORTH, SCOTT

1 transaction

$1,000

307

O'FLAHERTY, EUGENE

1 transaction

$1,000

308

OFER, EPHRAT

1 transaction

$1,000

309

OHANLON, CYNTHIA

1 transaction

$1,000

310

OSTROFF, JON

1 transaction

$1,000

311

PANKAJ, RAJESH

1 transaction

$1,000

312

PARVEN, SCOTT

1 transaction

$1,000

313

PAUL, JORDAN C.

1 transaction

$1,000

314

PLUES, PATRICK J.

1 transaction

$1,000

315

PONGRACE, DONALD

1 transaction

$1,000

316

PRIEST, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$1,000

317

PRITZKER, MARGOT

1 transaction

$1,000

318

PROCTOR, AMY

1 transaction

$1,000

319

PUGLISI, KAREN E.

1 transaction

$1,000

320

REESE, PHILIP SYNG

1 transaction

$1,000

321

ROTHSCHILD, BERNARD

1 transaction

$1,000

322

ROUSE, THOMAS

1 transaction

$1,000

323

RYAN, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$1,000

324

SALTMAN, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$1,000

325

SHAKIR, MEHDI

1 transaction

$1,000

326

SINGLETON, DAVID W.

1 transaction

$1,000

327

SLADE, JONATHAN B.

1 transaction

$1,000

328

SLIFER, RUSS

1 transaction

$1,000

329

SOBEL, AARON

1 transaction

$1,000

330

SOLOMON, LEE

1 transaction

$1,000

331

SONNENFELD, KENNETH

1 transaction

$1,000

332

SPICER, TRACY

1 transaction

$1,000

333

STRAUSS, TOM

1 transaction

$1,000

334

SULLIVAN, SUZANNE

1 transaction

$1,000

335

TAKEN, MARK

1 transaction

$1,000

336

TAYLOR, GORDON

1 transaction

$1,000

337

TEJRAL, AMY

1 transaction

$1,000

338

THOMPSON, TOLA

1 transaction

$1,000

339

TOLPIN, GAIL

1 transaction

$1,000

340

TURNER, ELLISEN

1 transaction

$1,000

341

WARDELL, ELIZABETH

1 transaction

$1,000

342

WEISS, GREGORY

1 transaction

$1,000

343

WESSEL, BRUCE

1 transaction

$1,000

344

WEXLER, ROBERT

1 transaction

$1,000

345

WILCZEWSKI, ADAM

1 transaction

$1,000

346

WOODEN, SHAWN

1 transaction

$1,000

347

ZERDEN, ALEX

1 transaction

$1,000

348

AYOOB, EDWARD

2 transactions

$1,000

349

DASCHLE, NATHAN

1 transaction

$800

350

TURNER, GARETH

1 transaction

$800

351

CHOUAKE, BEN

1 transaction

$784

352

GIOVALE, DANNY GORE

1 transaction

$750

353

COUDERT, DALE

1 transaction

$700

354

ASHER, JOSEPH M.

1 transaction

$600

355

COONEY, MANUS

1 transaction

$600

356

EBRAHIMI, MEHRAN

1 transaction

$600

357

HOXENG, DAVID

1 transaction

$600

358

KERR, WALTER

1 transaction

$600

359

LEAKE, PAUL

1 transaction

$600

360

RAYMAN, STEVEN M.

1 transaction

$600

361

ABATE, MARK

1 transaction

$500

362

AMAYA, JOHN

1 transaction

$500

363

ARAR, ALI H.

1 transaction

$500

364

BOOZER, LYNDON

1 transaction

$500

365

BOUCHER, ROSS

1 transaction

$500

366

BREWSTER, JAMES

1 transaction

$500

367

BRIGHT, EARL

1 transaction

$500

368

BRUNELLE, CARI

1 transaction

$500

369

CITRON, RODGER

1 transaction

$500

370

COOPER, GEORGE

1 transaction

$500

371

CRANTON, TIMOTHY W.

1 transaction

$500

372

CRUZ, CAROL PITZEL

1 transaction

$500

373

D'AMATO, ANDREA

1 transaction

$500

374

DAVIES, STEPHEN

1 transaction

$500

375

DILENGE, THOMAS

1 transaction

$500

376

DININO, PAUL

1 transaction

$500

377

DISABATINO, LAWRENCE J.

1 transaction

$500

378

DONCH, JOHN

1 transaction

$500

379

FAMILY, SPENCER

1 transaction

$500

380

FISCHER, JESSICA

1 transaction

$500

381

FITZGERALD, LAURIE

1 transaction

$500

382

FLEYHAN, ZIAD

1 transaction

$500

383

GABRIEL, EDWARD

1 transaction

$500

384

GHAEMI, MEHDI

1 transaction

$500

385

GOJANAJ, SARA

1 transaction

$500

386

GRAY, JUSTIN

1 transaction

$500

387

GREEN, KAREN GOLDMEIER

1 transaction

$500

388

GUSHUE, JOSEPH

1 transaction

$500

389

HALT, GERALD

1 transaction

$500

390

HAUBERT, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$500

391

HIGHSMITH, CARLTON

1 transaction

$500

392

HOLLERS, LOGAN

1 transaction

$500

393

HUANG, PATRICK

1 transaction

$500

394

HUBBARD, ROBERT

1 transaction

$500

395

HUSTON, CATHERINE

1 transaction

$500

396

ISRAEL, CHRIS

1 transaction

$500

397

JOHNSON, PHILLIP

1 transaction

$500

398

KAHN, THOMAS

1 transaction

$500

399

KOTT, JONATHAN

1 transaction

$500

400

LA BARR, EDWARD

1 transaction

$500

401

LAPLATNEY, PAT

1 transaction

$500

402

LASALA, BARRY

1 transaction

$500

403

LEONARD, ROBERT

1 transaction

$500

404

LESPINASSE, PATRICK

1 transaction

$500

405

LO CICERO, ANTHONY

1 transaction

$500

406

LOUER, GREG

1 transaction

$500

407

MALONEY, BERNARD

1 transaction

$500

408

MATHENY, ROBERT

1 transaction

$500

409

MATOS, MARIA

1 transaction

$500

410

MATOUSH, MONICA

1 transaction

$500

411

MCCOLLUM, JESSE

1 transaction

$500

412

MCGLYNN, SEAN

1 transaction

$500

413

MCMICHAEL, WESLEY

1 transaction

$500

414

MENNA, MARY

1 transaction

$500

415

MOLINO, TIM

1 transaction

$500

416

MOLLER, MARC

1 transaction

$500

417

MYERS, CAROL

1 transaction

$500

418

NADER, FRANCOIS

1 transaction

$500

419

NELSON, SCOTT

1 transaction

$500

420

O'DONNELL, RYAN

1 transaction

$500

421

O'MALLEY, JOHN

1 transaction

$500

422

PARSONS, DONALD

1 transaction

$500

423

PATRICK, W. LAWRENCE

1 transaction

$500

424

PREMSRIRUT, RUTT

1 transaction

$500

425

REUBEN, CATHERINE

1 transaction

$500

426

RICCHETTI, JEFFREY

1 transaction

$500

427

RICHARD, JOEL

1 transaction

$500

428

ROSE, DANIEL

1 transaction

$500

429

ROSENBLUM, JANET

1 transaction

$500

430

SABER, JANINE

1 transaction

$500

431

SAUER, HANSJORG

1 transaction

$500

432

SHALALA, DONNA

1 transaction

$500

433

SHROYER, JULIE

1 transaction

$500

434

SINGER, DAVID W.

1 transaction

$500

435

SNEAD, ADRIAN

1 transaction

$500

436

SNYDER, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$500

437

SPIESMAN, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$500

438

STAMBOLIS, JONATHAN

1 transaction

$500

439

STAT, RICHARD

1 transaction

$500

440

STAUB, BENJAMIN

1 transaction

$500

441

TABATABAI, REZA

1 transaction

$500

442

TANOUS, PETER

1 transaction

$500

443

VIVACHARAWONGSE, VACHARAESORN

1 transaction

$500

444

WELCH, EDMUND B.

1 transaction

$500

445

WELLS, KATY

1 transaction

$500

446

WHEAT, ALAN

1 transaction

$500

447

WHEELER, LEONARD

1 transaction

$500

448

WHITAKER, ROBIN

1 transaction

$500

449

WHITCOMB, MAXWELL

1 transaction

$500

450

WISHNIE, MICHAEL

1 transaction

$500

451

WOOD, RADNEY

1 transaction

$500

452

ZAPIEN, EDUARDO

1 transaction

$500

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Graham, Lindsey [R-SC]

ID: G000359

Top Contributors

WINRED PAC

PACARLINGTON, VA

$3,833

Oct 15, 2024

CATAWBA INDIAN NATION

OrganizationROCK HILL, SC

$3,300

May 21, 2024

BEVERLY B GROSSMAN TRUST

OrganizationENCINO, CA

$1,550

Jul 12, 2024

BELL FAMILY TRUST

OrganizationINDIAN WELLS, CA

$1,000

Mar 1, 2024

BEVERLY B GROSSMAN TRUST

OrganizationENCINO, CA

$230

Oct 2, 2024

BEVERLY B GROSSMAN TRUST

OrganizationENCINO, CA

$200

Jul 30, 2024

BEVERLY B GROSSMAN TRUST

OrganizationENCINO, CA

$150

Aug 14, 2024

ALFRED SEYMOUR BASSLER TR

RETIRED • RETIRED

OrganizationWOODBINE, MD

$100

Jul 26, 2024

ALFRED SEYMOUR BASSLER TR

RETIRED • RETIRED

OrganizationWOODBINE, MD

$100

Jul 26, 2024

BEVERLY B GROSSMAN TRUST

OrganizationENCINO, CA

$100

Jul 30, 2024

Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]

ID: B001288

Top Contributors

CHEROKEE NATION

OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK

$2,500

Dec 6, 2024

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$1,000

Sep 13, 2023

ISEMAN, HENRY

PENTA MEDICAL RECYCLING • PRESIDENT

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$8,300

Apr 18, 2023

GELBWACHS, CHANA

BIG STILL LIQUORS • PARTNER

IndividualLAKEWOOD, NJ

$6,600

Mar 26, 2024

LEIDER, YECHEZKEL

LEIDER ENTERPRISES INC • DIRECTOR

IndividualLAKEWOOD, NJ

$6,600

Mar 26, 2024

GELBWACHS, CHANA

IndividualLAKEWOOD, NJ

$6,600

Mar 26, 2024

LEIDER, YECHEZKEL

IndividualLAKEWOOD, NJ

$6,600

Mar 29, 2024

WAGNER, KAREN E.

DAVIS POLK & WARDWELL • ATTORNEY

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$5,000

Sep 13, 2023

WAGNER, KAREN E.

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$5,000

Sep 26, 2023

ISEMAN, HENRY

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$5,000

Apr 19, 2023

Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

ID: B001243

Top Contributors

FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC

PACVIRGINIA BEACH, VA

$5,000

Apr 12, 2023

THE COGGIN GROUP

OrganizationMURFREESBORO, TN

$2,900

Mar 9, 2023

THE COGGIN GROUP

OrganizationMURFREESBORO, TN

$2,500

Mar 9, 2023

DOSS BROTHERS FARM

OrganizationLAWRENCEBURG, TN

$1,000

Apr 17, 2024

DOSS BROTHERS FARM

OrganizationLAWRENCEBURG, TN

$1,000

Mar 18, 2024

BL PARTNERS GROUP LLC

OrganizationARLINGTON, VA

$500

Mar 17, 2023

KING, RODNEY W.

SELF-EMPLOYED • ATTORNEY

IndividualGERMANTOWN, TN

$13,200

Apr 4, 2024

BEAN, BILL G.

HANNING & BEAN ENTERPRISES INC. • REAL ESTATE INVESTOR

IndividualCOLUMBIA CITY, IN

$10,000

May 1, 2024

SMITH, THOMAS

PRESCOTT INVESTORS INC. • INVESTOR

IndividualBOCA RATON, FL

$10,000

May 13, 2024

GAMBLE, KATHRYN

UNAKA CO • BUSINESS EXECUTIVE

IndividualDALLAS, TX

$9,900

Jul 15, 2024

Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC]

ID: T000476

Top Contributors

SASTRY, ASHWANI

SUNRISE VASCULAR • PHYSICIAN

IndividualORLANDO, FL

$3,400

Dec 12, 2024

AGARWAL, SAJJAN K

GREENHAWK CORPORATION • CEO

IndividualCARY, NC

$3,300

Dec 11, 2024

ALLYN, JILL

BRIGHTHOUSE FINANCIAL • INVESTMENTS

IndividualESTERO, FL

$3,300

Oct 17, 2024

BARATTA, JOSEPH PATRICK

BLACKSTONE • FINANCE EXECUTIVE

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 18, 2024

BARATTA, JOSEPH PATRICK

BLACKSTONE • FINANCE EXECUTIVE

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 18, 2024

BIELEN, RICHARD J

PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION • PRESIDENT & CEO

IndividualMOUNTAIN BRK, AL

$3,300

Oct 29, 2024

BLITZER, DAVID S

BLACKSTONE • CHAIRMAN

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 12, 2024

BLITZER, DAVID S

BLACKSTONE • CHAIRMAN

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 12, 2024

BRAND, MARTIN

BLACKSTONE • FINANCE

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Dec 20, 2024

CAMERON, WILLIAM H

CAMERON MANAGMENT • PRESIDENT

IndividualWILMINGTON, NC

$3,300

Oct 28, 2024

Sen. Slotkin, Elissa [D-MI]

ID: S001208

Top Contributors

MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS

OrganizationSHELBYVILLE, MI

$3,300

Oct 31, 2024

SAULT STE. MARIE TRIBE OF CHIPPEWA INDIANS

OrganizationSAULT SAINTE MARIE, MI

$3,300

Oct 31, 2024

CHEROKEE NATION

OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK

$3,300

Dec 31, 2023

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$3,300

Mar 21, 2024

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$3,300

Jun 30, 2024

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$3,300

Jun 10, 2024

MASHANTUCKET PEQUOT TRIBAL NATION

OrganizationMASHANTUCKET, CT

$3,300

Sep 29, 2023

MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS

OrganizationSHELBYVILLE, MI

$3,300

Sep 29, 2023

SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA

OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL

$3,300

Sep 29, 2023

HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE

OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA

$3,300

Sep 27, 2024

Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC]

ID: B001305

Top Contributors

MACFARLANE, RON

IndividualBUFFALO GROVE, IL

$13,068

Apr 10, 2024

HEGYI, ALBERT P MR.

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$6,600

Dec 31, 2024

NAZIROV, ATABEK

UZDIF • CEO

IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC

$6,600

Sep 14, 2023

NAZIROV, ATABEK

IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC

$6,600

Sep 26, 2023

FROST, BRANT IV

SELF-EMPLOYED • FINANCIAL SERVICES

IndividualNEWNAN, GA

$3,300

Dec 31, 2024

FROST, KRISTA

HOMEMAKER • HOMEMAKER

IndividualNEWNAN, GA

$3,300

Dec 31, 2024

TAYLOR, WILLIAM MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING • BUSINESS OWNER

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 7, 2023

TAYLOR, WILLIAM MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING • BUSINESS OWNER

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 7, 2023

GREENBLATT, SCOTT MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN • CEO

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 8, 2023

GREENBLATT, SCOTT MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN • CEO

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 8, 2023

Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA]

ID: K000384

Top Contributors

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$2,300

Jun 18, 2024

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$1,000

Jun 26, 2023

SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

OrganizationLOS ANGELES, CA

$1,000

Jun 18, 2024

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$1,000

Jun 25, 2024

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$1,000

Jun 18, 2024

CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA

OrganizationDURANT, OK

$1,000

Oct 15, 2024

CHEROKEE NATION

OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK

$1,000

Dec 29, 2023

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$600

Oct 25, 2023

STONEHALL FARM

OrganizationTHE PLAINS, VA

$500

Jun 30, 2024

SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY

OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN

$400

Oct 25, 2023

Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]

ID: S001217

Top Contributors

SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA

OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL

$3,300

Aug 22, 2023

SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA

OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL

$3,300

Aug 12, 2024

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$90,795

May 31, 2024

SCOTT, RICK SEN

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualWASHINGTON, DC

$77,714

May 31, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$69,607

Apr 30, 2024

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$68,538

Aug 31, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$53,187

Sep 30, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SEN

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualWASHINGTON, DC

$49,992

Jun 30, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$39,695

Jun 30, 2024

SCOTT, RICK

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualWASHINGTON, DC

$34,494

Jan 31, 2023

Sen. Moody, Ashley [R-FL]

ID: M001244

Top Contributors

No contribution data available

Sen. Warner, Mark R. [D-VA]

ID: W000805

Top Contributors

AMERICAN HEALTHCARE, LLC

OrganizationROANOKE, VA

$5,300

Sep 25, 2024

CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA

OrganizationDURANT, OK

$600

Sep 28, 2023

CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA

OrganizationDURANT, OK

$400

Sep 28, 2023

DEKKER, DAVID T.

PILLSBURY • VICE CHAIR

IndividualBETHESDA, MD

$9,900

Dec 31, 2024

TULL, THOMAS

TULCO • CEO

IndividualLOS ANGELES, CA

$6,000

Nov 21, 2024

SWARTZ, SUSAN

SELF EMPLOYED • ARTIST

IndividualPARK CITY, UT

$3,300

Jul 31, 2023

MATNEY, JOHN

RAPOCA ENERGY COMPANY • PARTNER

IndividualBRISTOL, VA

$3,300

Aug 29, 2023

MILLONES, PETER

BOOKING HOLDINGS INC. • ATTORNEY

IndividualDARIEN, CT

$3,300

Sep 29, 2023

MATNEY, JUSTIN K

SELF EMPLOYED • BUSINESS OWNER

IndividualBRISTOL, VA

$3,300

Aug 29, 2023

MATNEY, JOHN

RAPOCA ENERGY COMPANY • PARTNER

IndividualBRISTOL, VA

$3,300

Aug 29, 2023

Donor Network - Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 42 nodes and 55 connections

Total contributions: $55

Top Donors - Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE]

Showing top 16 donors by contribution amount

1 Org15 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 4 helped.

+Commercial Banksconfidence 0.90
Section 3 increases compensation for chapter 7 bankruptcy trustees from $60 to $120 per case, which benefits commercial banks as creditors in bankruptcy cases by improving asset recovery and distributions to creditors, including banks.
+Hospitals & Health Systemsconfidence 0.85
Section 3 increases trustee compensation, which improves asset distributions to medical providers (including hospitals) as private creditors in chapter 7 cases, as noted in Findings (6) regarding disbursements to medical providers.
+Meat & Dairy Processingconfidence 0.80
Section 3 increases trustee compensation, which improves asset distributions to small businesses and micro-enterprises as private creditors in chapter 7 cases, including meat and dairy processors, as noted in Findings (6).
+Long-Term Care & Nursing Homesconfidence 0.80
Section 3 increases trustee compensation, which improves asset distributions to private creditors including home health care providers (a subset of long-term care) as noted in Findings (6) regarding disbursements to domestic support providers and small businesses.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

Hospitals & Health Systems$3,450
from 7 contributions
- IANCU, LUIZA$3,300
- DAVIS, SALLIE$150
Commercial Banks$50
from 1 contribution
- REPPA, DOUGLAS$50

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Small Business Administration

Weak

Vector: 65%

Pages: 795-797AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on bankruptcy trustee compensation and court administration, while the Project 2025 SBA section concerns small business lending, PPP loans, and regulatory reform; both share a tangential theme of improving federal administrative efficiency and oversight."

Key themes:federal administrationregulatory oversightefficiency improvements

— 763 — Small Business Administration 40. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Inspector General, Top Management and Performance Challenges Facing the Small Business Administration in Fiscal Year 2023, p. iv. 41. H.R. 748, CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act, Public Law No. 116-136, 116th Congress, March 27, 2020, https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ136/PLAW-116publ136.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 42. Sarah McCammon, “Planned Parenthood Asked to Return Funds from Paycheck Protection Program,” NPR, May 21, 2020, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/21/859991359/planned-parenthood-asked-to-return-funds- from-paycheck-protection-program (accessed February 18, 2023). 43. Letter from William Manger, Associate Administrator, U.S. Small Business Administration, to Laura Meyers, Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, “Re: Notice of Investigation and Request for Records,” May 19, 2020, https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/6922122/SBA-Letter-Planned-Parenthood-DC.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 44. Press release, “Lankford, HSGAC Republicans Demand Details on Illegal PPP Loans to Planned Parenthood Affiliates,” Office of U.S. Senator James Lankford, April 28, 2022, https://www.lankford.senate.gov/news/press- releases/lankford-hsgac-republicans-demand-details-on-illegal-ppp-loans-to-planned-parenthood-affiliates (accessed February 18, 2023). 45. Press release, “Romney, Colleagues Request Information from SBA Administrator Guzman on Illegal PPP Loans Given to Planned Parenthood Affiliates,” Office of U.S. Senator Mitt Romney, April 28, 2022, https:// www.romney.senate.gov/romney-colleagues-request-information-from-sba-administrator-guzman-on- illegal-ppp-loans-given-to-planned-parenthood-affiliates/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 46. 13 C.F.R. §§ 109.400(b)(11), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/109.400; 123.301(g), https://www.law. cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.301; 123.502(n), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.502; and 123.702(b)(6), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.702 (all accessed February 19, 2023). 47. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Religious Eligibility Worksheet for all 7(a) and 504 Loan Programs” SBA Form 1971, http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/sba-form-1971.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 48. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Program.” 49. See, for example, Carson v. Makin, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/21pdf/20-1088_dbfi.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 50. 28 U.S. Code § 530d, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/530D (accessed February 19, 2023). 51. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Program.” 52. 13 CFR 120.110(k), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/120.110 (accessed February 19, 2023). 53. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Regulatory Reform Initiative: Streamlining and Modernizing the 7(a), Microloan, and 504 Loan Programs to Reduce Regulatory Burden,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 125 (June 30, 2022), pp. 38900–38910, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/30/2022-13483/ regulatory-reform-initiative-streamlining-and-modernizing-the-7a-microloan-and-504-loan-programs-to (accessed February 18, 2023). 54. Ibid. 55. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel “Religious Restrictions on Capital Financing for Historically Black Colleges and Universities,” Memorandum Opinion for the Acting General Counsel, Department of Education, August 15, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/ attachments/2021/01/01/2019-08-15-hbcu-capfin-2.pdf. (accessed February 18, 2023). 56. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Investment and Innovation, SBIR and STTR Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019, p. 8, https://www.sbir.gov/sites/default/files/SBA_Final_FY19_SBIR_STTR_Annual_Report.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 57. S. 4900, SBIR and STTR Extension Act of 2022, Public Law No. 117–183, 117th Congress, September 30, 2022, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ183/PLAW-117publ183.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 58. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Investment and Innovation, SBIR and STTR Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019, pp. 6, 40, and 108. — 764 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 59. Peter L. Singer, “Federally Supported Innovations: 22 Examples of Major Technology Advances that Stem from Federal Support,” Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, February 2014, https://wrnjradio.com/ bipartisan-call-to-crack-down-on-covid-19-ppp-eidl-fraud-prosecute-fraudsters-to-the-fullest-extent-of-the- law/ (accessed March 21, 2023). 60. Wells King, “Uncle Sam’s Top-Performing Venture Fund,” American Compass Case Study, November 2022, https://americancompass.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/AC-Case-Study_SBIR_final2.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 61. Elisabeth B. Reynolds, Hiram M. Samel, and Joyce Lawrence, “Learning by Building: Complementary Assets and the Migration of Capabilities in U.S. Innovative Firms,” MIT Industrial Performance Center Working Paper No. MIT-IPC-13-001, March 2013, https://ipc.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2019-01/13-001.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 62. American Compass, “Where’s The Growth? Assessing the Results of the Globalization Experiment,” March 2022, pp. 3–5, https://americancompass.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AC-Atlas-Wheres-the-Growth.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 63. Sridhar Kota and Tom Mahoney, “Innovation Should Be Made in the U.S.A.,” The Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/innovation-should-be-made-in-the-u-s-a-11573833987 (accessed February 18, 2023). 64. S. ___, SBA Reauthorization and Improvement Act of 2019, 116th Congress, 1st Session, Title III, § 303, https://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/80533629-2905-433f-a588-7c4e032f7347/ C096ED9C1EBA68E041CFDA143E01C66C.mir19891.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 65. David Adler, “Financing Advanced Manufacturing: Why VCs Aren’t the Answer,” American Affairs, Vol. III, No. 2 (Summer 2019), https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2019/05/financing-advanced-manufacturing-why-vcs- arent-the-answer/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 66. National Association of Manufacturers, “Overview of the Senate HEALS Act,” July 28, 2020, https://documents. nam.org/comm/HEALSActInfo.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). See also remarks by Senator Mitch McConnell, “HEALS Act,” Congressional Record, Vol. 166, No. 132 (July 27, 2020), pp. S4491–S4492, https:// www.congress.gov/116/crec/2020/07/27/CREC-2020-07-27-pt1-PgS4491-7.pdf (accessed February 20, 2023). 67. S. 1059, American Innovation and Manufacturing Act, 117th Congress, introduced March 25, 2021, https:// www.crfb.org/blogs/whats-11-trillion-heals-act https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/s1059/BILLS-117s1059is.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 68. H.R. 7628, IMPROVE (Improve Management, Programs, Resources, and Oversight for Vital Entrepreneurs) the SBA Act, 117th Congress, introduced April 28, 2022, https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr7628/BILLS- 117hr7628ih.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 69. S. 1120, Small Business Regulatory Flexibility Improvements Act, 116th Congress, introduced April 10, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/s1120/BILLS-116s1120is.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 70. H.R. 3136, Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996, Public Law No. 104-121, 104th Congress, March 29, 1996, Title II, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ121/PLAW-104publ121.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 71. S. 403, Fair and Open Competition Act, 117th Congress, introduced February 24, 2021, https://www. congress.gov/117/bills/s403/BILLS-117s403is.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023), and H.R. 1284, Fair and Open Competition Act, 117th Congress, introduced February 24, 2021, https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr1284/ BILLS-117hr1284ih.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023. 72. President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Executive Order 14063, “Use of Project Labor Agreements for Federal Construction Projects,” February 4, 2022, in Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 27 (February 9, 2022), pp. 7363–7366, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-02-09/pdf/2022-02869.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 73. “The JOBS Act 4.0: Section-by-Section,” Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate, https://www.banking.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/the_jobs_act_4.0sectionbysection.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 74. Press release, “Luetkeymeyer: SBA Lacks Infrastructure and Expertise to Expand Number of Small Business Lending Companies,” Committee on Small Business, U.S. House of Representatives, November 7, 2022, https:// smallbusiness.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404376 (accessed February 18, 2023).

Small Business Administration

Minimal

Vector: 64%

Pages: 795-797AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill addresses bankruptcy trustee compensation and court funding, which is unrelated to the Small Business Administration policies concerning faith-based organization treatment and regulatory reform in Project 2025."

Key themes:no overlapunrelated topics

— 762 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 29. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Programs,” Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 11 (January 19, 2021), pp. 5036–5040, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2021-00446/ensuring-equal-treatment- for-faith-based-organizations-in-sbas-loan-and-disaster-assistance-programs (accessed February 18, 2023). 30. President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Executive Order 14019, “Promoting Access to Voting,” March 7, 2021, in Federal Register, Vol. 86, No. 45 (March 10, 2021), pp. 13623–13627, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/ FR-2021-03-10/pdf/2021-05087.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). See also press release, “Small Business Committee Republicans: The SBA Should Stay Out of Elections and Focus on Our Small Businesses,” Small Business Committee Republicans, Committee on Small Business, U.S. House of Representatives, April 4, 2022, https://republicans-smallbusiness.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404061 (accessed February 18, 2023). 31. Press release, “SBA Administrator Guzman, Biden–Harris Administration Announce Community Navigator Pilot Program Grantees,” U.S. Small Business Administration, October 28, 2021, https://www.sba.gov/ article/2021/oct/28/sba-administrator-guzman-biden-harris-administration-announce-community-navigator- pilot-program (accessed February 18, 2023). 32. John Reosti, “SBA Hasn’t Given Up on Direct Lending,” American Banker, May 2, 2022, https://www. americanbanker.com/creditunions/news/sba-hasnt-given-up-on-direct-lending (accessed February 18, 2023). 33. Goldman Sachs, 10,000 Small Businesses Voices, “22 Years Is Too Long: Support Small Businesses. Reauthorize the SBA,” Open Letter to Congress, November 16, 2022, https://www.goldmansachs.com/ citizenship/10000-small-businesses/US/voices/reauthorize-the-sba-letter/index.html (accessed February 18, 2023). According to Goldman Sachs, the letter “was published in Politico on Wednesday, November 16 to kick of a broader campaign to prioritize small businesses and modernize the SBA in the next Congress” and “was signed by over 3,000 small business owners from all 50 states.” Ibid. 34. See, for example, “Challenge 3: SBA Faces Significant Challenges in IT Investment, System Development, and Security Controls,” in U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Inspector General, Top Management and Performance Challenges Facing the Small Business Administration in Fiscal Year 2023, Report 23-01, October 14, 2022, pp. 16–19, https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2022-10/SBA%20OIG%20Report%2023-01_0.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 35. Ibid., p. iv. 36. Appendix M, “Office of Advocacy’s Legislative Priorities,” and Appendix Q, “Memorandum of Understanding Between the Small Business Administration and the Office of Advocacy,” in U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, Background Paper, Office of Advocacy, 2017–2020, January 2021, pp. 192 and 197, https://cdn.advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/09101916/Background-Paper-Office-of- Advocacy-2017-2020-web.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 37. President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13771, “Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs,” January 30, 2017, in Federal Register, Vol. 82, No. 22 (February 3, 2017), pp. 9339–9341, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-02-03/pdf/2017-02451.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023), and President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13777, “Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda,” February 24, 2017, in Federal Register, Vol. 82, No. 39 (March 1, 2017), pp. 12285–12287, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-03- 01/pdf/2017-04107.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 38. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, What Small Businesses Are Saying and What Advocacy Is Doing About It: Progress Report on the Office of Advocacy’s Regional Regulatory Reform Roundtables, June 2017–September 2018, December 2018, https://cdn.advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2018/12/20091536/What-Small-Businesses-Are-Saying-What-Advocacy-Is-Doing.pdf April 2020, https://advocacy.sba.gov/regulatory-reform/ (accessed February 18, 2023December 10, 2022). See also U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, Reforming Regulations and Listening to Small Business: Second Progress Report on the Office of Advocacy’s Regional Regulatory Roundtables, June 2017–December 2019, https://cdn.advocacy.sba.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/20141200/2nd-Progress-Report-on-Reg- Reform-Roundtables.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 39. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, What Small Businesses Are Saying and What Advocacy Is Doing About It: Progress Report on the Office of Advocacy’s Regional Regulatory Reform Roundtables, June 2017–September 2018, pp. 32 and 43. — 763 — Small Business Administration 40. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Inspector General, Top Management and Performance Challenges Facing the Small Business Administration in Fiscal Year 2023, p. iv. 41. H.R. 748, CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act, Public Law No. 116-136, 116th Congress, March 27, 2020, https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ136/PLAW-116publ136.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 42. Sarah McCammon, “Planned Parenthood Asked to Return Funds from Paycheck Protection Program,” NPR, May 21, 2020, https://www.npr.org/2020/05/21/859991359/planned-parenthood-asked-to-return-funds- from-paycheck-protection-program (accessed February 18, 2023). 43. Letter from William Manger, Associate Administrator, U.S. Small Business Administration, to Laura Meyers, Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, “Re: Notice of Investigation and Request for Records,” May 19, 2020, https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/6922122/SBA-Letter-Planned-Parenthood-DC.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 44. Press release, “Lankford, HSGAC Republicans Demand Details on Illegal PPP Loans to Planned Parenthood Affiliates,” Office of U.S. Senator James Lankford, April 28, 2022, https://www.lankford.senate.gov/news/press- releases/lankford-hsgac-republicans-demand-details-on-illegal-ppp-loans-to-planned-parenthood-affiliates (accessed February 18, 2023). 45. Press release, “Romney, Colleagues Request Information from SBA Administrator Guzman on Illegal PPP Loans Given to Planned Parenthood Affiliates,” Office of U.S. Senator Mitt Romney, April 28, 2022, https:// www.romney.senate.gov/romney-colleagues-request-information-from-sba-administrator-guzman-on- illegal-ppp-loans-given-to-planned-parenthood-affiliates/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 46. 13 C.F.R. §§ 109.400(b)(11), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/109.400; 123.301(g), https://www.law. cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.301; 123.502(n), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.502; and 123.702(b)(6), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/123.702 (all accessed February 19, 2023). 47. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Religious Eligibility Worksheet for all 7(a) and 504 Loan Programs” SBA Form 1971, http://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/2020-11/sba-form-1971.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 48. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Program.” 49. See, for example, Carson v. Makin, 596 U.S. ___ (2022), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/21pdf/20-1088_dbfi.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 50. 28 U.S. Code § 530d, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/530D (accessed February 19, 2023). 51. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Ensuring Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations in SBA’s Loan and Disaster Assistance Program.” 52. 13 CFR 120.110(k), https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/13/120.110 (accessed February 19, 2023). 53. U.S. Small Business Administration, “Regulatory Reform Initiative: Streamlining and Modernizing the 7(a), Microloan, and 504 Loan Programs to Reduce Regulatory Burden,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 87, No. 125 (June 30, 2022), pp. 38900–38910, https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/30/2022-13483/ regulatory-reform-initiative-streamlining-and-modernizing-the-7a-microloan-and-504-loan-programs-to (accessed February 18, 2023). 54. Ibid. 55. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel “Religious Restrictions on Capital Financing for Historically Black Colleges and Universities,” Memorandum Opinion for the Acting General Counsel, Department of Education, August 15, 2019, https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/ attachments/2021/01/01/2019-08-15-hbcu-capfin-2.pdf. (accessed February 18, 2023). 56. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Investment and Innovation, SBIR and STTR Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019, p. 8, https://www.sbir.gov/sites/default/files/SBA_Final_FY19_SBIR_STTR_Annual_Report.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 57. S. 4900, SBIR and STTR Extension Act of 2022, Public Law No. 117–183, 117th Congress, September 30, 2022, https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ183/PLAW-117publ183.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 58. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Investment and Innovation, SBIR and STTR Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2019, pp. 6, 40, and 108.

Small Business Administration

Minimal

Vector: 64%

Pages: 792-794AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The Bankruptcy Administration Improvement Act of 2025 focuses on bankruptcy trustee compensation, judicial term extensions, and funding for the U.S. Trustee System, which are unrelated to the Project 2025 policy objective of reforming the Small Business Administration by eliminating ineffective programs, consolidating functions, and reallocating resources. There is no thematic or policy overlap between the bill and the SBA-focused Project 2025 directive."

— 759 — Small Business Administration ineffective programs, consolidate duplicative functions, and reallocate resources to more effective programs (such as the Office of Advocacy) or consider reducing the SBA budget. Personnel Challenges The SBA continues to expand programs and initiatives without first document- ing the effectiveness of existing programs or whether they involve areas in which the agency lacks staff expertise. For example, the SBA wants to expand the number of licensed Small Business Lending Companies (SBLCs), implement a new “Mis- sion-Based SBLC,” and remove a requirement for loan authorization within the 7(a) and 504 Loan programs and rely solely on a lender’s documents. Various IG reports have noted that the lack of skilled employees within the SBA has fueled fraud and mismanagement in COVID-19 lending programs, and congressional leaders have expressed alarm about these “changes that haphazardly overextend the SBA’s responsibilities at a time when they are devastated by fraud and underperforming on their core mission of serving the nation’s 33 million small businesses.”74 A conservative Administration should rein in these idealistic and impractical efforts, get current programs under control and properly staffed with people who can manage and perform competently, and outsource efforts where private-sector expertise is appropriate and more efficient. AUTHOR’S NOTE: The preparation of this chapter was a collective enterprise of individuals involved in the 2025 Presidential Transition Project. All contributors to this chapter are listed at the front of this volume, but David Burton and Caleb Orr deserve special mention. The author alone assumes responsibility for the content of this chapter, and no views expressed herein should be attributed to any other individual. — 760 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 7953, Small Business Act, Public Law 85-536, 85th Congress, July 18, 1958, § 2, https://uscode.ecfr.io/ statutes/pl/85/536.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023), amended by H.R. 4877, One Stop Shop for Small Business Compliance Act of 2021, Public Law 117-188, 117th Congress, October 20, 2022, https://www.congress. gov/117/plaws/publ188/PLAW-117publ188.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023). 2. U.S. Small Business Administration, “About SBA: Organization: Mission,” https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/ organization (accessed February 19, 2023). 3. Michael Faulkender, Robert Jackman, and Stephen I. Miran, “The Job-Preservation Effects of Paycheck Protection Program Loans,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Economic Policy, Working Paper No. 2020-01, December 2020, p. 9, https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/226/Job-Preservation-Effects- Paycheck-Protection-Program-Loans.pdf (accessed February 16, 2023). 4. Kate Rogers, Scott Zamost, Karina Hernandez, and Jennifer Schlesinger, “As Pandemic Aid Was Rushed to Main Street, Criminals Seized on Covid Relief Programs,” CNBC, April 15, 2021, https://www.cnbc. com/2021/04/15/as-pandemic-aid-was-rushed-to-main-street-criminals-seized-on-ppp-eidl-.html (accessed February 16, 2023). 5. Kevin Brewer, “Bills Extend Statute of Limitation for Prosecuting PPP, EIDL Fraud,” Journal of Accountancy, August 10, 2022, https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2022/aug/bills-extend-statute-limitation- prosecuting-ppp-eidl-fraud.html (accessed February 16, 2023). 6. Sacha Pfeiffer, “Virtually All PPP Loans Have Been Forgiven with Limited Scrutiny,” NPR, October 12, 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/10/12/1128207464/ppp-loans-loan-forgiveness-small-business#:~:text=As%20 COVID-19%20shutdowns%20threatened,early%20days%20of%20the%20pandemic (accessed February 16, 2023). 7. U.S. Small Business Administration, “About SBA: Organization: SBA History,” https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/ organization (accessed February 19, 2023). 8. President Richard Nixon, Executive Order 11518, “Providing for the Increased Representation of the Interests of Small Business Concerns Before Departments and Agencies of the United States Government,” March 20, 1970, in Federal Register, Vol. 35, No. 56 (March 21, 1970), pp. 4939–4940, https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/ service/ll/fedreg/fr035/fr035056/fr035056.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 9. S. 3331, Small Business Amendments of 1974, Public Law 93-386, 93rd Congress, August 23, 1974, https://www. congress.gov/93/statute/STATUTE-88/STATUTE-88-Pg742.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 10. S. 299, Regulatory Flexibility Act, Public Law No. 96-354, 96th Congress, September 19, 1980, https://www. congress.gov/96/statute/STATUTE-94/STATUTE-94-Pg1164.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 11. Maeve P. Carey, “The Regulatory Flex Act: An Overview,” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11900, August 16, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11900 (accessed February 18, 2023). 12. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, “The Regulatory Flexibility Act,” https://advocacy.sba. gov/resources/the-regulatory-flexibility-act/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 13. H.R. 644, Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, Public Law No. 114-125, 114th Congress, February 24, 2026, https://www.congress.gov/114/statute/STATUTE-130/STATUTE-130-Pg122.pdf (accessed March 21, 2023). 14. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, “Advocacy Releases Trade Report,” December 21, 2018, https://advocacy.sba.gov/2018/12/21/advocacy-releases-trade-report/ (accessed March 21, 2023). 15. Associated Press, “Reagan Offers $994-Billion ‘Hard-Choices’ 1987 Budget,” Los Angeles Times, February 5, 1986, http://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-05-mn-4369-story.html (accessed February 18, 2023). 16. Testimony of Hon. Hector V. Barreto, Administrator, Small Business Administration, in hearing, The President’s FY 2006 Budget Request for the Small Business Administration, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session, February 17, 2005, p. 8, https://books.google.com/ books?id=UwD-2ICa8k8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed February 18, 2023). See also Report No. 109-49, Summary of Legislative and Oversight Activities During the 108th Congress, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session, March 30, 2005, p. 21, https://www.congress.gov/109/crpt/srpt49/CRPT-109srpt49.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023).

Small Business Administration

Minimal

Vector: 62%

Pages: 786-788AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on bankruptcy trustee compensation, court funding, and temporary judgeships, which are unrelated to the SBA disaster loan, religious eligibility, and SBIR/STTR policies outlined in Project 2025."

Key themes:no overlap

— 754 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise Disaster Loan Program and Direct Lending. The SBA’s disaster loan pro- gram provides low-interest loans to personal, business, and nonprofit borrowers following a federally declared disaster. The program suffers from problems of coordination with Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) disas- ter assistance. For example, disaster relief applicants have an incentive to avoid being approved for SBA disaster loans in order to increase the amount of FEMA assistance for which they are eligible. Moreover, the availability of disaster loans reduces individuals’ incentives to purchase disaster-related insurance. More than 90 percent of SBA disaster loans are loans to individuals such as homeowners, not to small businesses. In view of the challenges the SBA has experienced in its administration of this program, as well as the fraud and abuse in the EIDL COVID-19–related program and the IG’s concern that the systemic problems within this lending program undermine the SBA’s work, the next Administration should: l Work with Congress to assess the extent to which disaster loans should be offered by another agency rather than the SBA and explore private-sector channels for administering the loans. l Specify clearly that no new direct lending programs will be developed at the SBA. Eligibility of Religious Entities for SBA Loans. Current SBA regulations46 and SBA Form 197147 make certain religious entities ineligible to participate in several SBA loan programs. The Trump Administration proposed a rule that would remove the provisions on the ground that they violate the First Amendment.48 Subsequent Supreme Court decisions have made their unconstitutionality clearer.49 In an April 3, 2020, letter to Congress pursuant to 28 U.S. Code § 530D,50 the Trump Administration SBA advised that two such provisions violate the Free Exer- cise Clause of the First Amendment and that it therefore would not enforce them. On January 19, 2021, the Trump Administration SBA proposed a rule to remove all of the unconstitutional religious exclusions from its regulations.51 The SBA has not acted on the proposed rule. A similar religious exclusion once appeared in the regulation governing eligibil- ity for SBA Business Loan Programs,52 but it was removed in a June 2022 final rule that noted tension with the First Amendment and Supreme Court precedent.53 That final rule announced that the SBA would nonetheless continue to make religious eligibility determinations for business loan applicants to comply with putative Establishment Clause requirements,54 but Supreme Court precedent and Office of Legal Counsel memoranda refute the notion that large government-backed loan programs raise any Establishment Clause concerns.55 — 755 — Small Business Administration The SBA uses the same “Religious Eligibility Worksheet,” SBA Form 1971, to make eligibility determinations for all affected programs, including the Business Loan Programs. Thus, the SBA continues to act as though the unconstitutional regulation were still in place, and there is no Establishment Clause basis for doing so. The next Administration should immediately: l Notify Congress under 28 U.S. Code § 530D that it will not enforce these unconstitutional regulations. l Take down SBA Form 1971. l Finalize the Trump Administration’s proposed rule or publish its own updated proposed rule to remove the unconstitutional regulations. Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Programs. The SBA “coordinates and monitors the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) pro- grams for all federal agencies with extramural budgets for research or research and development (R/R&D) in excess of the expenditures established in sections 9(f) and 9(n) of the Small Business Act.”56 The SBIR and STTR Extension Act of 2022 extended these programs from September 30, 2022, through September 30, 2025.57 SBIR requires that 3.2 percent of spending by agencies with extramural R&D budgets of $100 million or more must be directed to small businesses. STTR allo- cates 0.45 percent of federal research spending to small firms.58 Research has shown that this small portion of federal R&D spending is disproportionately effective.59 The SBIR program has consistently demonstrated its ability to fund advanced technologies through to private-market viability and invests more in America’s heartland than venture capital invests.60 SBIR and STTR have overcome the tendency of federal contracting officers to deal only with large firms that are familiar to them and have the expertise and lobbying clout to navigate the federal procurement process. The next Adminis- tration should: l Continue the SBIR and SBTT programs as they successfully fund the next wave of technological innovation to compete with Big Tech. l Urge Congress to expand the amount that other agencies are required to set aside from their general R&D budgets for the SBIR program. l Ensure the enactment of stricter rules requiring that SBIR funds must be expended on capital investments in the United States.

Small Business Administration

Minimal

Vector: 62%

Pages: 792-794AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill addresses bankruptcy trustee compensation and court administration, which is unrelated to the Small Business Administration focus of Project 2025."

— 760 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 7953, Small Business Act, Public Law 85-536, 85th Congress, July 18, 1958, § 2, https://uscode.ecfr.io/ statutes/pl/85/536.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023), amended by H.R. 4877, One Stop Shop for Small Business Compliance Act of 2021, Public Law 117-188, 117th Congress, October 20, 2022, https://www.congress. gov/117/plaws/publ188/PLAW-117publ188.pdf (accessed February 17, 2023). 2. U.S. Small Business Administration, “About SBA: Organization: Mission,” https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/ organization (accessed February 19, 2023). 3. Michael Faulkender, Robert Jackman, and Stephen I. Miran, “The Job-Preservation Effects of Paycheck Protection Program Loans,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Economic Policy, Working Paper No. 2020-01, December 2020, p. 9, https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/226/Job-Preservation-Effects- Paycheck-Protection-Program-Loans.pdf (accessed February 16, 2023). 4. Kate Rogers, Scott Zamost, Karina Hernandez, and Jennifer Schlesinger, “As Pandemic Aid Was Rushed to Main Street, Criminals Seized on Covid Relief Programs,” CNBC, April 15, 2021, https://www.cnbc. com/2021/04/15/as-pandemic-aid-was-rushed-to-main-street-criminals-seized-on-ppp-eidl-.html (accessed February 16, 2023). 5. Kevin Brewer, “Bills Extend Statute of Limitation for Prosecuting PPP, EIDL Fraud,” Journal of Accountancy, August 10, 2022, https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2022/aug/bills-extend-statute-limitation- prosecuting-ppp-eidl-fraud.html (accessed February 16, 2023). 6. Sacha Pfeiffer, “Virtually All PPP Loans Have Been Forgiven with Limited Scrutiny,” NPR, October 12, 2022, https://www.npr.org/2022/10/12/1128207464/ppp-loans-loan-forgiveness-small-business#:~:text=As%20 COVID-19%20shutdowns%20threatened,early%20days%20of%20the%20pandemic (accessed February 16, 2023). 7. U.S. Small Business Administration, “About SBA: Organization: SBA History,” https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/ organization (accessed February 19, 2023). 8. President Richard Nixon, Executive Order 11518, “Providing for the Increased Representation of the Interests of Small Business Concerns Before Departments and Agencies of the United States Government,” March 20, 1970, in Federal Register, Vol. 35, No. 56 (March 21, 1970), pp. 4939–4940, https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/ service/ll/fedreg/fr035/fr035056/fr035056.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 9. S. 3331, Small Business Amendments of 1974, Public Law 93-386, 93rd Congress, August 23, 1974, https://www. congress.gov/93/statute/STATUTE-88/STATUTE-88-Pg742.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 10. S. 299, Regulatory Flexibility Act, Public Law No. 96-354, 96th Congress, September 19, 1980, https://www. congress.gov/96/statute/STATUTE-94/STATUTE-94-Pg1164.pdf (accessed February 19, 2023). 11. Maeve P. Carey, “The Regulatory Flex Act: An Overview,” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11900, August 16, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11900 (accessed February 18, 2023). 12. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, “The Regulatory Flexibility Act,” https://advocacy.sba. gov/resources/the-regulatory-flexibility-act/ (accessed February 18, 2023). 13. H.R. 644, Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, Public Law No. 114-125, 114th Congress, February 24, 2026, https://www.congress.gov/114/statute/STATUTE-130/STATUTE-130-Pg122.pdf (accessed March 21, 2023). 14. U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, “Advocacy Releases Trade Report,” December 21, 2018, https://advocacy.sba.gov/2018/12/21/advocacy-releases-trade-report/ (accessed March 21, 2023). 15. Associated Press, “Reagan Offers $994-Billion ‘Hard-Choices’ 1987 Budget,” Los Angeles Times, February 5, 1986, http://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-05-mn-4369-story.html (accessed February 18, 2023). 16. Testimony of Hon. Hector V. Barreto, Administrator, Small Business Administration, in hearing, The President’s FY 2006 Budget Request for the Small Business Administration, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session, February 17, 2005, p. 8, https://books.google.com/ books?id=UwD-2ICa8k8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed February 18, 2023). See also Report No. 109-49, Summary of Legislative and Oversight Activities During the 108th Congress, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 109th Congress, 1st Session, March 30, 2005, p. 21, https://www.congress.gov/109/crpt/srpt49/CRPT-109srpt49.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). — 761 — Small Business Administration 17. Editorial, “The Small Business Administration Needs Reforming,” The Washington Post, December 18, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-sba-needs-reforming/2016/12/18/b639fc4c-c159-11e6-8422- eac61c0ef74d_story.html (accessed February 18, 2023). 18. Robert Jay Dilger, Anthony A. Cilluffo, and R. Corinne Blackford, “Small Business Administration Funding: Overview and Recent Trends,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R43486, updated July 14, 2022, Summary, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R43846.pdf (accessed November 18, 2022). 19. Ibid., p. 2. Emphasis added. 20. Press release, “SBA Announces End-of-Year Capital Benchmarks Showing Historic Support for Small Businesses Under Administrator Guzman,” U.S. Small Business Administration, December 13, 2022, https:// www.sba.gov/article/2022/dec/13/sba-announces-end-year-capital-benchmarks-showing-historic-support- small-businesses-under?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery (accessed February 18, 2023). 21. USASpending,gov, “Agency Profile: Small Business Administration (SBA),” data through September 29, 2022, https://www.usaspending.gov/agency/small-business-administration?fy=2022 (accessed February 18, 2023). 22. Testimony and prepared statement of Tad DeHaven, Budget Analyst, Cato Institute, in hearing, An Examination of SBA Programs: Eliminating Inefficiencies, Duplications, Fraud, and Abuse, Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate, 112th Congress, 1st Session, June 16, 2011, pp. 80–90, https://www. govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-112shrg88373/pdf/CHRG-112shrg88373.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 23. Sarah Westwood, “Feds Gave $400 Million in Contracts to Ineligible Firms,” Washington Examiner, September 28, 2014, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/feds-gave-400-million-in-contracts-to-ineligible-firms (accessed February 18, 2023). 24. Keith Girard, “Inside the SBA’s Monumental Katrina Loan Scandal,” AllBusiness.com, https://www.allbusiness. com/inside-the-sbas-monumental-katrina-loan-scandal-11793824-1.html (accessed February 18, 2023). 25. Arnold & Porter, “CARES Act Fraud Tracker,” last updated January 2, 2023, https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/ general/cares-act-fraud-tracker (accessed February 18, 2023). 26. Jay Edwards, “Bipartisan Call to Crack Down on COVID-19 PPP/EIDL Fraud, Prosecute Fraudsters to the Fullest Extent of the Law,” WRNJ Radio (Hackettstown, New Jersey), October 21, 2022, https://wrnjradio.com/ bipartisan-call-to-crack-down-on-covid-19-ppp-eidl-fraud-prosecute-fraudsters-to-the-fullest-extent-of-the- law/ (accessed March 21, 2023). 27. See, for example, H.R. 7628, IMPROVE the SBA Act, 117th Congress, introduced April 28, 2022, https://www. congress.gov/117/bills/hr7628/BILLS-117hr7628ih.pdf (accessed February 18, 2023). 28. In varying degrees, almost every small-business advocacy organization and trade association engages with the SBA. During periods of hyper-regulatory activity fueled by an activist Administration, the small- business community engages more frequently with the Office of Advocacy through its roundtables and other mechanisms in the hope of warding off costly and intrusive rulemakings. A future conservative Administration can look to the following groups, among others, for support in advancing both SBA and broader policy reform: American Hotel and Lodging Association; Asian American Hotel Owners Association; Association of Builders and Contractors; Associated Equipment Distributors; Ceramic Tile Distributors Association; Consumer Technology Association; Family Business Coalition; Foodservice Equipment Distributors Association; Heating, Air-conditioning, and Refrigeration Distributors International; Independent Bakers Association; Independent Community Bankers Association; Independent Electrical Contractors’ International Association of Plastics Distributors; International Franchise Association; Metals Service Center Institute; National Association of Electrical Distributors; National Association of Manufacturers; National Association of Wholesaler-Distributors; National Fastener Distributors Association; National Marine Distributors Association; National Federation of Independent Business; National Ready Mix Concrete Association; National Small Business Association; Small Business and Entrepreneurship Council; and U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce. Additionally, the small-business community is diverse and broad, and several key groups strongly support SBA lending but vigorously oppose tax, regulatory, and spending policies that are intrusiveness or costly to business. Conservative think tanks and taxpayer organizations like The Heritage Foundation, the Cato Institute, the National Taxpayers Union, Citizens Against Government Waste, the Taxpayers Protection Alliance, and Americans for Tax Reform (among others) also have a stake in an improved and cost-effective SBA.

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About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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