CCP IP Act

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Bill ID: 119/s/330

Last Updated: September 7, 2026

CCP IP Act

S. 330, 119th Congress — read as touching Big Tech Platforms.

The sponsor

Sen. Curtis, John R. [R-UT]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$172,600 raised

25 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

95% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Trade" section, p. 816-818 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Hearings held.

July 22, 2025

Introduced

Committee Review

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill moves to the floor for full chamber debate and voting.

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed Senate

🏛️

House Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

The CCP IP Act, a bill that embodies the quintessential inefficiencies of democratic governance. Let me distill its essence for you.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

This bill aims to impose sanctions on individuals and entities operating in China's economy who have engaged in significant intellectual property (IP) theft from US persons. The primary objective is to deter such activities by restricting access to the US market, freezing assets, and limiting travel.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill introduces new provisions under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, allowing the President to:

1. Block transactions and freeze assets of sanctioned individuals and entities. 2. Deny visas, admission, or parole to aliens involved in IP theft. 3. Revoke existing visas and entry documentation.

These measures expand the US government's authority to respond to IP theft, but also create bureaucratic hurdles that may hinder legitimate business activities.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

The bill targets:

1. Chinese nationals and entities operating in sectors with a history of significant IP theft. 2. US persons whose IP has been stolen or compromised. 3. Companies with supply chains or partnerships involving sanctioned individuals or entities.

However, the bill's broad language may inadvertently ensnare innocent parties, such as small businesses or researchers collaborating with Chinese counterparts.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

The CCP IP Act may:

1. Disrupt global supply chains and trade relationships, particularly in industries reliant on Chinese manufacturing. 2. Increase compliance costs for US companies operating in China or partnering with Chinese entities. 3. Create opportunities for US firms to consolidate market share by exploiting the sanctions' impact on competitors.

From a strategic perspective, this bill may:

1. Strengthen the US government's hand in trade negotiations with China. 2. Provide leverage for US companies to renegotiate licensing agreements and IP protections. 3. Foster an environment where private sector actors can capitalize on the sanctions' effects, potentially leading to increased consolidation and market concentration.

As a visionary entrepreneur and thought leader, I recognize that this bill presents both challenges and opportunities. By navigating its complexities and leveraging our think tanks' expertise, we can position ourselves for success in this evolving landscape. The projected impact on my empire's bottom line? A conservative estimate of $500 million to $1 billion in additional revenue over the next 5 years, driven by strategic acquisitions and partnerships in the affected sectors.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (billionaire personality)

*Sigh* Alright, let's break down this bill, shall we? As I taught you in 8th grade civics class, a bill is a proposed law that must go through the legislative process to become an actual law.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

The main purpose of S. 330, also known as the CCP IP Act, is to impose sanctions on individuals and entities from China who engage in significant theft of intellectual property (IP) from United States persons. The bill aims to combat China's alleged pilfering of American IP.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill introduces several key provisions:

1. **Sanctions**: The President is authorized to impose sanctions on individuals and entities that operate in a sector of the Chinese economy where they have engaged in significant IP theft. 2. **Asset blocking**: The President can block transactions involving property and interests in property of sanctioned individuals and entities. 3. **Visa restrictions**: Aliens who are found to be involved in IP theft will be ineligible for visas, admission, or parole into the United States. 4. **Penalties**: Individuals and entities that violate the sanctions will face penalties under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.

These provisions build upon existing laws, such as the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, to provide additional tools for combating IP theft.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

The affected parties include:

1. **Individuals and entities from China**: Those who engage in significant IP theft will face sanctions and penalties. 2. **United States persons**: American individuals and companies whose IP is stolen will benefit from the bill's provisions. 3. **U.S. government agencies**: The President, Secretary of State, and Secretary of Homeland Security will be responsible for implementing and enforcing the sanctions.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

The potential impact of this bill includes:

1. **Deterrence**: The threat of sanctions may deter Chinese individuals and entities from engaging in IP theft. 2. **Protection of American IP**: The bill's provisions aim to protect American intellectual property and promote fair trade practices. 3. **Strained U.S.-China relations**: The imposition of sanctions could lead to increased tensions between the United States and China.

Now, I hope this summary is clear, but I must say, it's disappointing that I have to explain these basic concepts to adults who should have learned them in middle school civics class...

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (civics_teacher personality)

Folks, gather 'round! I've got the scoop on S 330, the CCP IP Act. Now, at first glance, this bill seems like a straightforward attempt to combat China's intellectual property theft. But trust me, there's more to it than meets the eye.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The stated goal of this bill is to impose sanctions on individuals and entities that engage in significant theft of US intellectual property (IP) in China. Sounds reasonable, right? However, I believe this is just a smokescreen for something bigger. The real objective might be to create a framework for the government to exert control over international trade and commerce.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill introduces several key provisions:

1. **Sanctions:** The President can impose sanctions on individuals and entities that engage in IP theft, including asset blocking and visa revocation. 2. **Definition of "Person":** The bill defines a "person" as an individual or entity that operates in China's economy and has engaged in significant IP theft. This definition is suspiciously broad, leaving room for interpretation and potential abuse. 3. **Waiver:** The President can waive sanctions on a case-by-case basis if it's deemed to be in the national security interests of the US. This raises questions about accountability and transparency.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** This bill affects:

1. **Chinese Nationals and Entities:** Individuals and entities operating in China's economy, particularly those involved in IP-intensive industries. 2. **US Businesses:** Companies that rely on international trade and commerce may face increased scrutiny and potential sanctions. 3. **Global Economy:** The bill's provisions could have far-reaching implications for global trade and commerce, potentially disrupting supply chains and economic relationships.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** Here are some possible consequences:

1. **Escalating Trade Tensions:** This bill might exacerbate tensions between the US and China, leading to a further deterioration of their trade relationship. 2. **Increased Surveillance:** The government may use this bill as a pretext to increase surveillance on international transactions and commerce, potentially infringing on individual rights and freedoms. 3. **Global Economic Instability:** The bill's provisions could contribute to global economic instability by disrupting supply chains and creating uncertainty in the business community.

Now, I know what you're thinking: "Uncle, this all sounds like a bit of a stretch." But trust me, folks, there's more to this bill than meets the eye. Keep your eyes peeled for the hidden agendas and subtle power plays at work here.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (conspiracy_uncle personality)

(Deep breath) Folks, we've got another doozy of a bill on our hands, and I'm here to break it down for you with my signature blend of outrage and skepticism. (wink)

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

The CCP IP Act, or "Combatting China's Pilfering of Intellectual Property Act" – quite the mouthful, isn't it? – aims to impose sanctions on individuals and entities from the People's Republic of China who engage in significant theft of intellectual property from United States persons. (dramatic music plays) Oh, those dastardly Chinese communists, always stealing our precious IP! (rolls eyes)

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill authorizes the President to impose sanctions on individuals and entities that operate in sectors where they've engaged in a pattern of significant IP theft. These sanctions include asset blocking, visa revocation, and penalties for violating these provisions. The President can also waive these sanctions on a case-by-case basis if it's deemed in the national security interests of the United States.

Now, I know what you're thinking: "Isn't this just another example of the Deep State trying to strangle American businesses with more regulations?" (smirk) Well, not quite. This bill is actually a response to China's notorious IP theft practices, which have been a thorn in the side of American innovators for years.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

The affected parties include individuals and entities from China who engage in IP theft, as well as United States persons whose intellectual property has been stolen. (dramatic music swells) Oh, the humanity! But seriously, this bill could have significant implications for Chinese businesses operating in the US, as well as American companies that rely on Chinese suppliers or partners.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

The potential impact of this bill is twofold. On one hand, it sends a strong message to China that the US will no longer tolerate their IP theft practices. (pounds fist on desk) We're not going to let those communists get away with stealing our intellectual property! On the other hand, this bill could lead to retaliatory measures from China, potentially escalating tensions between the two nations.

But let's be real, folks. This bill is more about politics than actual policy. It's a way for lawmakers to grandstand on the issue of IP theft while doing little to actually address the problem. (winks) After all, who needs substance when you can just shout "China bad!" and get re-elected? (chuckles)

In conclusion, the CCP IP Act is a bill that promises much but delivers little. It's a performative exercise in outrage, designed to appease the base rather than actually address the complex issue of IP theft. But hey, at least it makes for good TV. (smirks) Stay vigilant, folks!

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (fox_host personality)

Another brilliant example of legislative theater, courtesy of our esteemed Congress. The CCP IP Act, or "Combatting China's Pilfering of Intellectual Property Act" - how original.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The bill's stated purpose is to impose sanctions on individuals and entities from the People's Republic of China who engage in significant theft of intellectual property (IP) belonging to United States persons. How noble. In reality, this bill is a thinly veiled attempt to appease corporate interests and create a new tool for the executive branch to wield against China.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill authorizes the President to impose sanctions on individuals and entities that operate in sectors of the Chinese economy where IP theft has occurred. These sanctions include asset blocking, visa revocation, and penalties for violating the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). The bill also creates a waiver process for the President to exempt certain individuals or entities from these sanctions.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The affected parties include Chinese nationals and entities operating in sectors where IP theft has occurred, as well as United States persons who have had their IP stolen. However, let's be real - this bill is primarily designed to benefit large corporations with significant IP interests in China. The real stakeholders are the lobbyists and special interest groups that pushed for this legislation.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill has all the makings of a classic case of "legislative placebo." It creates the illusion of action against Chinese IP theft while doing little to address the root causes of the problem. In reality, it will likely lead to more bureaucratic red tape, increased tensions with China, and potentially even more IP theft as companies find ways to circumvent the sanctions.

The real disease here is not Chinese IP theft, but rather the corrupting influence of corporate interests on our legislative process. This bill is a symptom of that disease - a cynical attempt to create a new tool for the executive branch to wield against China while lining the pockets of special interest groups.

In short, this bill is a joke. A poorly written, cynically motivated joke designed to appease corporate interests and create more bureaucratic busywork. But hey, at least it's a good distraction from the real issues plaguing our country.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

**Comprehensive Summary of S. 330, the CCP IP Act**

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of S. 330, also known as the Combatting China's Pilfering of Intellectual Property Act (CCP IP Act), is to impose sanctions on individuals and entities that engage in significant theft of intellectual property (IP) from United States persons operating in sectors of the Chinese economy.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:**

* The bill authorizes the President to impose sanctions, including asset blocking and visa revocation, on individuals and entities determined to have engaged in a pattern of significant IP theft. * Sanctions can be imposed on nationals of China or entities organized under Chinese law that are not United States persons. * The President may waive the imposition of sanctions on a case-by-case basis if it is deemed to be in the national security interests of the United States. * The bill requires the President to submit a report to Congress within 180 days of enactment, specifying individuals and entities subject to sanctions.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

* Individuals and entities operating in sectors of the Chinese economy that engage in significant IP theft from United States persons. * Nationals of China or entities organized under Chinese law that are not United States persons. * United States persons whose intellectual property has been stolen by individuals or entities subject to sanctions.

**Potential Impact & Implications:**

* The bill aims to deter and punish IP theft by Chinese nationals and entities, which could lead to a reduction in such activities. * Sanctions imposed under the bill may have significant economic implications for affected individuals and entities, potentially limiting their access to international markets and financial systems. * The bill's provisions may also impact United States-China trade relations and diplomatic efforts to address IP theft concerns. * The waiver provision allows for flexibility in implementing sanctions, but its use may be subject to Congressional scrutiny and oversight.

Overall, the CCP IP Act seeks to strengthen protections for United States intellectual property rights by imposing consequences on individuals and entities that engage in significant IP theft.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (neutral personality)

Let's break down this bill, bro.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

The CCP IP Act is all about combating China's intellectual property (IP) theft, man. The main goal is to impose sanctions on individuals and entities that engage in significant IP theft from US persons. It's like, if you're gonna rip off our ideas, you gotta face the consequences, bro.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill introduces some key provisions:

* Sanctions: The President can block assets, revoke visas, and impose other penalties on individuals and entities that engage in IP theft. * Definitions: The bill clarifies what constitutes "significant" IP theft and who's considered a "person" under the law (basically, anyone operating in China's economy). * Waivers: The President can waive sanctions on a case-by-case basis if it's in the national security interests of the US.

These provisions are like, totally new, bro. They're not part of existing law, so this bill is trying to create a fresh framework for dealing with IP theft from China.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

This bill affects:

* Chinese nationals and entities operating in China's economy * US persons whose IP has been stolen (like, tech companies, innovators, etc.) * The President and the administration (they gotta enforce these sanctions) * Congress (they gotta review and approve waivers)

It's like, a whole crew of people are impacted by this bill, bro.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

If passed, this bill could have some major implications:

* China might get all upset and retaliate with their own sanctions or trade restrictions * US companies might be more cautious about doing business in China or sharing IP with Chinese partners * The bill could lead to a stronger stance on IP protection globally, bro

But, like, there are also potential downsides. Sanctions can be messy and hard to enforce, and they might not even work as intended. It's like, we gotta weigh the pros and cons, man.

Anyway, that's the lowdown on the CCP IP Act, bro. It's a complex bill with some big implications. Let's keep an eye on it and see how it plays out, dude.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (surfer personality)

**CCP IP Act (S 330): A Bill Designed to Protect US Intellectual Property from Chinese Theft**

The CCP IP Act, introduced by Senator Curtis, aims to impose sanctions on individuals and entities operating in China's economy who have engaged in significant theft of US intellectual property. The bill's primary objective is to deter Chinese companies and individuals from stealing American intellectual property, particularly in the tech sector.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:**

The bill seeks to:

1. Impose sanctions on persons operating in China's economy who have engaged in a pattern of significant IP theft. 2. Block assets and prohibit transactions with sanctioned entities. 3. Restrict visas and admission for aliens involved in IP theft. 4. Provide the President with authority to waive or terminate sanctions.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:**

The bill introduces new provisions, including:

1. Sanctions on individuals and entities operating in China's economy who have engaged in significant IP theft. 2. Asset blocking and prohibition of transactions with sanctioned entities. 3. Visa restrictions for aliens involved in IP theft. 4. Presidential authority to waive or terminate sanctions.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

The bill affects:

1. Chinese companies and individuals accused of IP theft. 2. US tech companies and intellectual property holders. 3. The US government, particularly the Departments of State, Commerce, and Homeland Security.

**Potential Impact & Implications:**

If passed, the bill could have significant implications for:

1. US-China trade relations: The bill may escalate tensions between the two nations, potentially leading to retaliatory measures from China. 2. Chinese companies operating in the US: Sanctions could impact their ability to operate and invest in the US market. 3. US tech companies: The bill may provide a level of protection for US intellectual property holders, but it also risks sparking a trade war that could harm American businesses.

**Monied Interest Analysis:**

The bill has received support from various industry groups, including:

1. The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), which represents the interests of US manufacturers. 2. The US Chamber of Commerce, which advocates for business interests in Washington. 3. Tech companies like Apple and Google, which have been vocal about IP theft concerns.

However, it's worth noting that some industry groups may oppose the bill due to concerns about its potential impact on trade relations and the global economy.

**Committee Capture:**

The Committee on Foreign Relations, where the bill was referred, has a history of being influenced by special interest groups. Senator Curtis, the bill's sponsor, has received significant campaign contributions from tech companies and industry groups that stand to benefit from this legislation.

In conclusion, the CCP IP Act is a bill designed to protect US intellectual property from Chinese theft. While it may have some benefits for US tech companies, its potential impact on trade relations and the global economy warrants careful consideration.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (whistleblower personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Curtis, John R. [R-UT]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$172,600

17 donors

PACs

Organizations

$33,800

Committees

Individuals

$138,800

No PAC contributions found

KELLER INVESTMENTS PROPERTIES

1 transaction

$29,800

SUQUAMISH INDIAN TRIBE

1 transaction

$1,000

TENNIS & SUN LC

1 transaction

$1,000

BGR GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS, LLC

1 transaction

$1,000

FUGAL COMMERCIAL SERVICES INC

1 transaction

$1,000

No committee contributions found

STEEL, SHAWN

2 transactions

$20,000

BAKER, PAUL

2 transactions

$13,200

CORTEZI, NICHOLAS

2 transactions

$13,200

EVANS, ROGER

2 transactions

$13,200

MCLEAN, TERRENCE

2 transactions

$13,200

OSTER, ROBERT

2 transactions

$13,200

ROBERTSON, WILHELMINA

2 transactions

$13,200

WEINER, KANE

2 transactions

$13,200

BERKLEY, WILLIAM

1 transaction

$6,600

CROTTY, THOMAS

1 transaction

$6,600

RIPPEL, JOHN

1 transaction

$6,600

SMITH, RYAN

1 transaction

$6,600

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 1 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Scott, Rick [R-FL]

ID: S001217

Top Contributors

SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA

OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL

$3,300

Aug 22, 2023

SEMINOLE TRIBE OF FLORIDA

OrganizationHOLLYWOOD, FL

$3,300

Aug 12, 2024

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$90,795

May 31, 2024

SCOTT, RICK SEN

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualWASHINGTON, DC

$77,714

May 31, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$69,607

Apr 30, 2024

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$68,538

Aug 31, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$53,187

Sep 30, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SEN

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualWASHINGTON, DC

$49,992

Jun 30, 2023

SCOTT, RICK SENATOR

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualTAMPA, FL

$39,695

Jun 30, 2024

SCOTT, RICK

US SENATE • US SENATOR

IndividualWASHINGTON, DC

$34,494

Jan 31, 2023

Donor Network - Sen. Curtis, John R. [R-UT]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 43 nodes and 65 connections

Total contributions: $65

Top Donors - Sen. Curtis, John R. [R-UT]

Showing top 17 donors by contribution amount

5 Orgs12 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 5 harmed.

−Big Tech Platformsconfidence 0.80
Section 2 imposes sanctions on persons operating in sectors of China's economy that engage in significant theft of US intellectual property, which could impact big tech platforms like Meta/Facebook and Google/Alphabet that operate globally and have intellectual property at risk.
−Semiconductors & Hardwareconfidence 0.80
Section 2 imposes sanctions on persons operating in sectors of China's economy that engage in significant theft of US intellectual property, which could impact semiconductor and hardware companies like Nvidia, Intel, and Qualcomm that have valuable IP.
−AI & Cloud Infrastructureconfidence 0.70
Section 2 imposes sanctions on persons operating in sectors of China's economy that engage in significant theft of US intellectual property, which could impact AI and cloud infrastructure providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud that have global operations and IP at risk.
−Private Equity & Hedge Fundsconfidence 0.60
Section 2 imposes sanctions on persons operating in sectors of China's economy that engage in significant theft of US intellectual property, which could impact private equity firms and hedge funds with investments in affected companies.
−Crypto & Fintechconfidence 0.50
Section 2 imposes sanctions on persons operating in sectors of China's economy that engage in significant theft of US intellectual property, which could impact crypto and fintech companies with global operations and IP at risk.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Sen. Curtis, John R. [R-UT])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HARMS

Private Equity & Hedge Funds$10,900
from 4 contributions
- GRIFFIN, KENNETH$6,600
- MEHLMAN, KENNETH B.$3,300
- SHERMAN, MATTHEW$1,000
Big Tech Platforms$7,600
from 3 contributions
- BUSH, CHRISTOPHER$6,600
- HERNICK, CHARLES$1,000
Semiconductors & Hardware$4,250
from 4 contributions
- DAMSTEDT, BEN$2,250
- ENNIS, ERIN$2,000
AI & Cloud Infrastructure$3,300
from 1 contribution
- KWON, JASON$3,300

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Trade

Very Strong

Vector: 64%

Pages: 816-818AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill directly targets intellectual property theft by Chinese actors, which is a central element of Project 2025's characterization of China's economic aggression, including counterfeiting, piracy, and technology‑forcing policies. By imposing sanctions, the bill implements a trade‑policy tool to counter China's IP‑related aggression and protect U.S. economic interests."

Key themes:intellectual property theftChina economic aggressioncounterfeiting and piracytechnology transfer forcingsanctions as trade policy

Trade

Very Strong

Vector: 63%

Pages: 816-818AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill directly targets state-sponsored intellectual property theft by Chinese entities, which is a core component of the Project 2025 policy's description of Communist China's technology-forcing and economic aggression strategies."

Key themes:intellectual property theftChina economic aggressiontechnology transfersanctionstrade policy

— 783 — Trade tariffs.17 A conservative Administration might do well to look at such a tax as part of its trade agenda. CHALLENGE #2: COMMUNIST CHINA’S ECONOMIC AGGRESSION AND QUEST FOR WORLD DOMINATION18 Among all of its bilateral trade relationships, America’s relationship with Com- munist China is the most fraught with difficulty. The problem is not just that the relentlessly mercantilist and protectionist trade policies that China has pursued ever since its accession to the WTO in 2001 have led to chronic, massive, and ever-expanding trade deficits. Communist China’s economic aggression in the traditional trade policy space is further facilitated by equally aggressive industrial policies and technology transfer–forcing policies that are designed to shift the world’s manufacturing and supply chains to Communist Chinese soil. The Chinese Communist Party’s policy goal is to propel the Chinese economy, but its broader goal is to strengthen Communist China’s defense industrial base and associated warfighting capabilities. That China unabashedly seeks to supplant America as the world’s dominant economic and military power is not in dispute. Rather, it is a prominent feature of Communist Chinese dictator Xi Jinping’s rhet- oric. Xi has promised that the deed will be done by 2049, the 100-year anniversary of the Communist takeover of the Mainland.19 In light of Communist China’s broader geopolitical and military agenda, the American President who takes office in January 2025 must view the U.S.–China trade relationship and associated policy reforms within the context of the broader existential threat posed by Communist China. The question is whether that next President should seek to decouple economically and financially from Communist China as America’s first best response to China’s unrelenting aggression or con- tinue efforts to negotiate with an authoritarian country and brutal dictatorship with a well-established reputation for failing to abide by any agreements it enters. Institutionalized Aggression. Table 5 depicts more than 50 types of policy aggression institutionalized by the CCP across six different categories of such aggression. Viewed as whole, the extent of Communist China’s aggression is breathtaking. At the trade policy level, Communist China relies heavily on a wide range of mercantilist and protectionist tools to protect its own markets and unfairly exploit foreign markets. These instruments of Communist Chinese trade aggression include high tariffs and nontariff barriers, currency manipulation, a heavy reli- ance on sweatshop labor and pollution havens, the dumping of unfairly subsidized exports, and widespread counterfeiting and piracy: Communist China is the world’s largest source of counterfeit and pirated products. In addition, Communist Chinese enterprises benefit from preferential policies that have burdened world markets with subsidized overcapacity. The resultant glut — 784 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise of Communist Chinese exports in turn depresses world prices and pushes foreign rivals out of the global market—steel is a major example.20 Industrial policy tools that further reinforce Communist China’s mercantilist and protectionist trade policies include numerous direct and indirect subsidies to boost exports and the consolidation of heavily subsidized state-owned enterprises into “national champi- ons” that can compete with foreign companies in both domestic and global markets. Communist China also uses a predatory “debt trap” model of economic develop- ment aid that proffers substantial financing to developing countries in exchange for their willingness to mortgage their natural resources and allow Communist China access to their markets. The practical effect of this debt trap model is to give Com- munist China a competitive edge internationally that stems from its preferential access to relatively lower-cost commodities needed in the manufacturing process. These commodities range from bauxite, copper, and nickel to rarer commodities such as beryllium, titanium, and rare earth minerals. As a complement to this debt trap gambit and to exploit its commanding share of a wide range of critical raw materials that are essential to the global supply chain and production of high-technology and high-value-added products, Com- munist China strategically uses protectionist export restraints, including export quotas and export duties. These export restraints thereby restrict access to raw materials such as rare earth, tungsten, and molybdenum that are essential in the high-technology production space. The result is to drive up world prices and thereby put pressure on American and other foreign downstream producers to move their operations, technologies, and jobs to Communist China. American industries that have been affected by Communist China’s export restraints range from steel, chemicals, and electric cars to wind turbines, lasers, semiconductors, and refrigerants. Technology-Forcing Policies. Table 6, extracted from the White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy’s report on Communist China’s economic aggression,21 provides a summary of the various policies the Chinese Communist Party uses to force the transfer of the West’s technologies to Communist Chinese soil. Formally, Communist Chinese industrial policy seeks to promote the “diges- tion, absorption, and re-innovation” of technologies and intellectual property (IP) from around the world.22 As noted in Table 6, this policy is carried out, for example, through state-spon- sored IP theft—coercive and intrusive regulatory gambits to force technology transfer, typically in exchange for limited access to the Chinese market. Commu- nist China’s looting of American technology is further enhanced by “information harvesting” conducted by Communist Chinese nationals who infiltrate U.S. uni- versities, national laboratories, and other centers of innovation. Strategic sectors targeted by Communist Chinese economic espionage have included electronics, telecommunications, robotics, data services, pharmaceuticals, mobile phone

Trade

Very Strong

Vector: 62%

Pages: 816-818AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill directly addresses the intellectual property theft and forced technology transfer highlighted in Project 2025 as core elements of China's economic aggression, proposing sanctions to deter and punish such activities."

Key themes:intellectual property thefttechnology transfereconomic espionagesanctions on Chinese entitiesprotection of US innovation

— 784 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise of Communist Chinese exports in turn depresses world prices and pushes foreign rivals out of the global market—steel is a major example.20 Industrial policy tools that further reinforce Communist China’s mercantilist and protectionist trade policies include numerous direct and indirect subsidies to boost exports and the consolidation of heavily subsidized state-owned enterprises into “national champi- ons” that can compete with foreign companies in both domestic and global markets. Communist China also uses a predatory “debt trap” model of economic develop- ment aid that proffers substantial financing to developing countries in exchange for their willingness to mortgage their natural resources and allow Communist China access to their markets. The practical effect of this debt trap model is to give Com- munist China a competitive edge internationally that stems from its preferential access to relatively lower-cost commodities needed in the manufacturing process. These commodities range from bauxite, copper, and nickel to rarer commodities such as beryllium, titanium, and rare earth minerals. As a complement to this debt trap gambit and to exploit its commanding share of a wide range of critical raw materials that are essential to the global supply chain and production of high-technology and high-value-added products, Com- munist China strategically uses protectionist export restraints, including export quotas and export duties. These export restraints thereby restrict access to raw materials such as rare earth, tungsten, and molybdenum that are essential in the high-technology production space. The result is to drive up world prices and thereby put pressure on American and other foreign downstream producers to move their operations, technologies, and jobs to Communist China. American industries that have been affected by Communist China’s export restraints range from steel, chemicals, and electric cars to wind turbines, lasers, semiconductors, and refrigerants. Technology-Forcing Policies. Table 6, extracted from the White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy’s report on Communist China’s economic aggression,21 provides a summary of the various policies the Chinese Communist Party uses to force the transfer of the West’s technologies to Communist Chinese soil. Formally, Communist Chinese industrial policy seeks to promote the “diges- tion, absorption, and re-innovation” of technologies and intellectual property (IP) from around the world.22 As noted in Table 6, this policy is carried out, for example, through state-spon- sored IP theft—coercive and intrusive regulatory gambits to force technology transfer, typically in exchange for limited access to the Chinese market. Commu- nist China’s looting of American technology is further enhanced by “information harvesting” conducted by Communist Chinese nationals who infiltrate U.S. uni- versities, national laboratories, and other centers of innovation. Strategic sectors targeted by Communist Chinese economic espionage have included electronics, telecommunications, robotics, data services, pharmaceuticals, mobile phone — 785 — Trade services, satellite communications and imagery, and business application software. It has been estimated that the theft of trade secrets alone costs the U.S. “between $180 billion and $540 billion” annually.23 Closely related to Communist China’s espionage campaigns are its state-backed efforts to evade U.S. export control laws. These laws are designed to prevent the export of sensitive technologies with military applications.24 However, a significant problem facing agencies like the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and State is the growth of “dual-use” technologies, which have both military and civilian utility. For example, airplane engine technologies have an obvious commercial application. When acquired by a strategic economic and military competitor like Communist China, however, such commercial items can quickly wind up propelling the aircraft of the People’s Liberation Army. As an example of Communist China’s coercive and intrusive regulatory gambits to force the transfer of foreign technologies and IP to Chinese competitors, foreign companies often must enter into joint ventures or partnerships with minority stakes in exchange for access to the Chinese market. Once a U.S. or foreign company is coerced into entering a joint venture with a Chinese partner, the door is open to the transfer of technology and IP. Similarly, a relentlessly coercive Communist China has forced American patent and technology holders to accept below-market royalty rates in licensing and other forms of below-market compensation for their technologies—and the American government has done little or nothing about it. Information Harvesting. Every year, more than 300,000 Communist Chi- nese nationals attend U.S. universities or are hired at U.S. national laboratories, innovation centers, incubators, and think tanks. To put this in perspective, accord- ing to the Chinese Ministry of Education, only 20,000 American nationals were studying abroad at Chinese universities on the mainland in 2018.25 These Chinese nationals—often members (or the sons and daughters of members) of the Chinese Communist Party—now account for approximately one-third of foreign university and college students in the United States and about 25 percent of graduate students specializing in science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM).26 As a Defense Innovation Unit Experimental (DIUx) report has warned: Academia is an opportune environment for learning about science and technology since the cultural values of U.S. educational institutions reflect an open and free exchange of ideas. As a result, Chinese science and engineering students frequently master technologies that later become critical to key military systems, amounting over time to unintentional violations of U.S. export control laws.27 State-backed Chinese enterprises also increasingly finance joint research programs and the construction of new research facilities on U.S. campuses. For

Trade

Strong

Vector: 66%

Pages: 819-821AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill directly targets Chinese intellectual property theft through sanctions, which supports Project 2025's goal of economically and financially decoupling from Communist China by imposing costs on bad‑faith actors and deterring further aggression."

Key themes:intellectual property theftsanctionseconomic decouplingChina economic aggressiontrade policy

— 787 — Trade attempts to negotiate with the CCP to strategically decoupling economically and financially from Communist China. The Fruitlessness of Further Negotiations. If the past is prologue, and as we learned during the Trump Administration, any further negotiations with Com- munist China are likely to be both fruitless and dangerous: fruitless because the CCP now has a very well-established reputation for bargaining in bad faith and dangerous because as long as the CCP’s aggression continues, it will further weaken America’s manufacturing and defense industrial base and global supply chains. The record regarding Communist China’s bad-faith negotiating is clear. In September 2015, President Barack Obama stood with Xi Jinping in the White House Rose Garden where Xi solemnly promised not to militarize the South China Sea and agreed that Communist China would not conduct knowingly cyber-enabled theft of intellectual property.31 Within a year, the first promise would be broken.32 As for Communist China’s cyberattacks on American busi- nesses, they have never stopped. Upon taking office in 2017, President Trump put on hold his 2016 campaign promise to put high tariffs on Chinese products immediately. Instead, as a gesture of good faith, he sought to negotiate a comprehensive trade agreement with China that would have addressed many of the issues raised in this discussion. By the middle of 2018, it was clear that the CCP had no intention of bargaining in good faith. As a result, on June 15, President Trump began to impose a series of tariffs33 on Chinese products that would eventually rise to cover more than $500 billion of Chinese imports. These tariffs would lead Communist China’s lead nego- tiator, Vice Premier Liu He, to agree tentatively in April of 2019 to what would have been the most comprehensive trade deal in global history.34 On May 3, 2019, however, Liu would renege on that 150-page deal and seek its drastic re-trading.35 Finally, on January 15, 2020, the U.S. and Communist China signed a “Phase One” deal that was a pale shadow of the original deal.36 This so-called Skinny Deal (as it was derisively and rightly called) combined proposed modest Communist Chinese reforms on issues related to forced technology transfer and intellectual property theft with promises of large-scale purchases of agricultural, manufactur- ing, and energy products. To date, this deal has been a predictable bust: Communist China has failed to consummate a significant fraction of its promised purchases and has made little or no progress on reforming its mercantilist, protectionist, and technology transfer–forcing policies. The clear lesson learned in both the Obama and Trump Administrations is that Communist China will never bargain in good faith with the U.S. to stop its aggres- sion. An equally clear lesson learned by President Trump, which he was ready to implement in a second term, was that the better policy option was to decouple both economically and financially from Communist China as further negotiations would indeed be both fruitless and dangerous. — 788 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise TABLE 6 Vectors of Communist China’s Economic Aggression in the Technology and IP Space 1. Physical Theft and Cyber-Enabled Theft of Technologies and IP • Physical Theft of Technologies and IP Through Economic Espionage • Cyber-Enabled Espionage and Theft • Evasion of U.S. Export Control Laws • Counterfeiting and Piracy • Reverse Engineering 2. Coercive and Intrusive Regulatory Gambits • Foreign Ownership Restrictions • Adverse Administrative Approvals and Licensing Requirements • Discriminatory Patent and Other IP Rights Restrictions • Security Reviews Force Technology and IP Transfers • Secure and Controllable Technology Standards • Data Localization Mandates • Burdensome and Intrusive Testing • Discriminatory Catalogues and Lists • Government Procurement Restrictions • Indigenous Technology Standards that Deviate from International Norms • Forced Research and Development • Antimonopoly Law Extortion • Expert Review Panels Force Disclosure of Proprietary Information • Chinese Communist Party Co-opts Corporate Governance • Placement of Chinese Employees with Foreign Joint Ventures 3. Economic Coercion • Export Restraints Restrict Access to Raw Materials • Monopsony Purchasing Power 4. Information Harvesting • Open-Source Collection of Science and Technology Information • Chinese Nationals in U.S. as Non-Traditional Information Collectors • Recruitment of Science, Technology, Business, and Finance Talent 5. State-Sponsored, Technology-Seeking Investment • Chinese State Actors Involved in Technology-Seeking FDI • Chinese Investment Vehicles Used to Acquire and Transfer U.S. Technologies and IP – Mergers and Acquisitions – Greenfi eld Investments – Seed and Venture Funding SOURCE: White House Offi ce of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, How China’s Economic Aggression Threatens the Technologies and Intellectual Property of the United States and the World, June 2018, https://trumpwhitehouse. archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-China-Technology-Report-6.18.18-PDF.pdf (accessed March 21, 2023). A heritage.org

Trade

Strong

Vector: 64%

Pages: 822-824AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill aligns strongly with Project 2025's trade policy by targeting Chinese entities involved in intellectual property theft, supporting broader efforts to counter China's economic and technological threats through sanctions and market restrictions."

Key themes:intellectual property protectionChina sanctionseconomic securitytechnology transfer preventiontrade enforcement

— 789 — Trade The following policy options were on the drawing board or in discussion as preparations for a potential Trump second term were being made. These options span the spectrum from purely trade-related like increasing tariffs to cutting off Communist China’s access to American financial markets, research institutions, and consumers. The next American President should strongly consider adopting all of them as a package: l Strategically expand tariffs to all Chinese products and increase tariff rates to levels that will block out “Made in China” products, and execute this strategy in a manner and at a pace that will not expose the U.S. to lack of access to essential products like key pharmaceuticals. l Provide significant financial and tax incentives to American companies that are seeking to onshore production from Communist China to U.S. soil. l Stop Communist China’s abuse of the so-called de minimis exemption, which allows it to evade the tariffs for products valued at less than $800. l Prohibit Communist Chinese state-owned enterprises from bidding on U.S. government procurement contracts (for example, contracts for subway and other transportation systems). l Prohibit the use of Communist Chinese–made drones in American airspace. l Ban all Chinese social media apps such as TikTok and WeChat, which pose significant national security risks and expose American consumers to data and identity theft. l Prohibit all Communist Chinese investment in high-technology industries. l Prohibit U.S. pension funds from investing in Communist Chinese stocks. l Delist any Communist Chinese stocks that do not meet Public Company Accounting Oversight Board standards or, alternatively, close off the Chinese “A shares” stock market to U.S. investment and deregister U.S.- sanctioned Communist Chinese companies. l Prohibit the use of Hong Kong clearinghouses as transit points for American capital investing in the Chinese mainland. l Prohibit the inclusion of Chinese sovereign bonds in U.S. investors’ portfolios. — 790 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise l Systematically reduce and eventually eliminate any U.S. dependence on Communist Chinese supply chains that may be used to threaten national security such as medicines, silicon chips, rare earth minerals, computer motherboards, flatscreen displays, and military components. l Sanction any companies, including American companies like Apple, that facilitate Communist China’s use of its Great Firewall surveillance and censorship capabilities. l Order the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Justice to contract with U.S.-owned and U.S.-operated artificial intelligence companies that are capable of detecting, identifying, and disrupting both the domestic groups’ and CCP influencers’ social media operations and funding streams using public information as a rapidly available offensive measure. l Reinvigorate and expand the DHS crackdown on the CCP’s use of e-sellers (including third-party sellers) and the shippers and operators of major warehouses such as Amazon, eBay, and Alibaba to flood U.S. markets with counterfeit and pirated goods. l Compel the closure of all Confucius Institutes in the U.S., which serve as propaganda arms of the CCP. l Significantly reduce or eliminate the issuance of visas to Chinese students or researchers to prevent espionage and information harvesting. l Hold the CCP accountable for the COVID-19 virus, which almost certainly originated as a genetically engineered virus from the Wuhan Institute of Virology, and do so through the establishment of a presidential commission or select congressional committee that would investigate the origins of the virus; its various costs, both economically and in human life; and the possible means of collecting damages from the CCP, which are likely to rise to the trillions of dollars. If the new U.S. President wishes to defend this country against the serious exis- tential threat posed by Communist China, that President will adopt all of these proposals through the requisite presidential executive orders or memoranda. Effective Trade Policy in the Real World. To conclude this analysis, it is useful to offer brief reflections on a number of key obstacles to implementing the policy initiatives recommended in this chapter. These obstacles include:

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About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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