To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms, and for other purposes.

Bill ID: 119/hr/2799

Last Updated: April 14, 2025

To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms, and for other purposes.

HR. 2799, 119th Congress — read as touching Defense Contractors.

The sponsor

Rep. Titus, Dina [D-NV-1]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$78,850 raised

27 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

55% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Department of Homeland Security" section, p. 201-204 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

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Committee Review

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Floor Action

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Passed Senate

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House Review

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Passed Congress

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Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

The "Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025" (HR 2799). A bill that, on its surface, appears to be a minor tweak to existing firearms regulations. But, as is often the case with such legislation, the true implications are far more nuanced and potentially damaging to my interests.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of this bill is to prohibit the manufacture, sale, and possession of machinegun conversion devices and certain modifications to semiautomatic firearms that increase their rate of fire. The bill's sponsors claim it will help prevent mass shootings by closing a "loophole" in existing law.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends Title 18, United States Code, to redefine what constitutes a semiautomatic firearm and prohibits the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that increase the rate of fire of such firearms. It also requires registration of certain modified firearms.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The bill's provisions will primarily affect firearms manufacturers, dealers, and owners who possess or seek to acquire semiautomatic firearms with modifications that increase their rate of fire. However, as a savvy investor and entrepreneur, I recognize that the true impact will be felt by those of us who have invested heavily in the firearms industry and related technologies.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** From my perspective, this bill represents a threat to innovation and profit margins in the firearms sector. By restricting the development and sale of certain modifications, the bill may stifle competition and limit opportunities for growth. Furthermore, the registration requirements will create additional bureaucratic hurdles and costs for manufacturers and owners.

In terms of dollar figures, I estimate that this bill could result in a 5-10% reduction in annual sales revenue for affected firearms manufacturers, translating to a potential loss of $500 million to $1 billion in revenue over the next five years. Not insignificant, but hardly catastrophic.

However, as a forward-thinking entrepreneur, I recognize that this bill may also present opportunities for consolidation and market share gains among those companies that adapt quickly to the new regulatory environment. My think tank, the "Liberty Institute," is already exploring strategies to help our clients navigate these changes and capitalize on emerging trends in the firearms industry.

In conclusion, while HR 2799 may seem like a minor adjustment to existing law, its implications for the firearms industry and related stakeholders are significant. As always, I will continue to monitor developments closely and adjust my investment strategies accordingly.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (billionaire personality)

*Sigh* Alright, let's break down this bill, shall we? As I taught you in 8th grade civics class, a bill is a proposed law that must go through several steps before it becomes an actual law. This one, HR 2799, aims to amend title 18 of the United States Code.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of this bill is to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms. Remember when we learned about the importance of regulating firearms in middle school? This bill seeks to address a specific loophole that allows certain devices to be used to increase the rate of fire of semiautomatic firearms, effectively turning them into machineguns.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill proposes several key changes:

* It amends section 921(a) of title 18 to define what constitutes a semiautomatic firearm. * It adds a new subsection (v) to section 922, which prohibits the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that can increase the rate of fire of semiautomatic firearms or approximate the action of machineguns. * It requires registration of certain modified semiautomatic firearms within 120 days of the bill's enactment.

These changes aim to close a loophole that has allowed individuals to circumvent existing regulations on machineguns. As we discussed in class, laws are meant to be living documents that adapt to changing circumstances; this bill is an example of that process in action.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The affected parties include:

* Gun manufacturers and sellers * Individuals who own or possess semiautomatic firearms * Law enforcement agencies

These stakeholders will need to comply with the new regulations and requirements outlined in the bill. As we learned about the system of checks and balances, this bill demonstrates how different branches of government can work together to address concerns and create new laws.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The potential impact of this bill is significant:

* It could reduce the availability of devices that allow semiautomatic firearms to be converted into machineguns. * It may lead to increased regulation of firearms, which could have implications for gun owners and manufacturers. * It demonstrates the ongoing debate about gun control and public safety in the United States.

As I taught you, laws are meant to balance individual rights with collective security. This bill is an example of that delicate balance in action. Now, if only more people had paid attention in civics class...

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (civics_teacher personality)

Folks, gather 'round! I've got the scoop on HR 2799, and let me tell you, it's a doozy. This bill is masquerading as a harmless amendment to title 18 of the United States Code, but trust me, there's more to it than meets the eye.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The official story claims this bill aims to "prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms." Sounds reasonable, right? But what they're not telling you is that this is just a Trojan horse for further gun control measures. Mark my words, this is the camel's nose under the tent.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends chapter 44 of title 18 by adding new definitions and restrictions on semiautomatic firearms. It prohibits the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of devices that "materially increase the rate of fire" of a semiautomatic firearm. But here's the kicker: it also requires registration of certain modified firearms, which is just a euphemism for gun confiscation.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** This bill affects law-abiding gun owners, manufacturers, and dealers who will be forced to comply with these new regulations. But let's not forget about the real stakeholders: the government agencies that will be empowered to enforce these new rules. You can bet your bottom dollar they'll be using this as a pretext to expand their surveillance state.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill has far-reaching implications for our Second Amendment rights. By redefining what constitutes a "machinegun," the government is effectively creating a backdoor ban on certain types of firearms. And with the registration requirements, they'll be building a database of gun owners that can be used to target and disarm them at will.

But here's the thing: this bill isn't just about guns; it's about control. It's about conditioning us to accept incremental restrictions on our freedoms until we're left with nothing but a hollow shell of what once was. Wake up, sheeple! This is just another example of the government hiding its true agenda in plain sight.

Now, I know some of you might be thinking, "But Uncle, this bill seems reasonable." Ah, that's exactly what they want you to think! Don't be fooled; this is just a small part of a larger plan to disarm and subjugate us. Stay vigilant, folks!

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (conspiracy_uncle personality)

(Deep breath, with a hint of sarcasm) Oh boy, folks, we've got another one coming down the pike from those freedom-hating elites in Congress! (wink)

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

HR 2799, or the "Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025," is a bill that claims to address the scourge of machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms. (air quotes) "Claims" being the operative word here.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

This bill amends title 18, United States Code, by adding new definitions for semiautomatic firearms and prohibiting the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that can convert a semiautomatic firearm into a machinegun. (dramatic music plays in the background) Oh no, the government's coming for your bump stocks!

The bill also requires registration of modified semiautomatic firearms and adds new penalties for non-compliance. Because, you know, more regulations always lead to more freedom... (eyeroll)

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

Gun owners, manufacturers, and enthusiasts will be directly impacted by this bill. But let's be real, folks, it's not like the government is trying to take away your Second Amendment rights or anything... (whistles innocently) Oh wait, that's exactly what they're doing!

**Potential Impact & Implications**

This bill has far-reaching implications for law-abiding citizens who just want to exercise their constitutional right to bear arms. It's a slippery slope, folks! If we allow the government to regulate bump stocks and semiautomatic firearms, next thing you know, they'll be coming for your hunting rifles and shotguns too!

But don't worry, I'm sure this bill has nothing to do with the elites' desire to disarm the American people and consolidate power. (heavy sarcasm) Nope, it's all about public safety... (coughs)

In conclusion, HR 2799 is just another example of government overreach and an attack on our fundamental freedoms. We must remain vigilant and defend our rights against these unconstitutional power grabs! (pounds fist on desk)

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (fox_host personality)

Another brilliant example of legislative theater, courtesy of the esteemed members of Congress. Let's dissect this farce, shall we?

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The "Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025" is a masterclass in Orwellian doublespeak. The bill's primary objective is to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and modifications that increase the rate of fire of semiautomatic firearms. Or, in simpler terms, it's an attempt to ban bump stocks and other gadgets that make guns go " pew-pew-pew" faster.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends Title 18 of the United States Code by adding a new definition for semiautomatic firearms and prohibiting the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that increase the rate of fire. It also requires registration of modified semiautomatic firearms within 120 days of enactment.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects are involved in this legislative circus:

* Gun manufacturers and lobbyists, who will no doubt find creative ways to circumvent these new regulations. * Gun owners and enthusiasts, who will be forced to register their modified firearms or risk facing the wrath of the law. * Law enforcement agencies, which will have to deal with the bureaucratic nightmare of enforcing these new provisions.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a classic case of treating the symptoms rather than the disease. By focusing on bump stocks and other gadgets, Congress is ignoring the root causes of gun violence in America. The real issue is not the devices themselves, but rather the lax regulations surrounding firearms sales, ownership, and use.

In reality, this bill will have little to no impact on reducing gun violence. It's a feel-good measure designed to appease the masses while allowing politicians to claim they're "doing something" about the problem. Meanwhile, the gun lobby will continue to pull the strings from behind the scenes, ensuring that meaningful reform remains elusive.

In medical terms, this bill is akin to treating a patient with a severe case of gangrene by applying a Band-Aid. It's a superficial solution that ignores the underlying rot and corruption that plagues our system.

And so, we're left with another example of legislative malpractice, where politicians prioritize grandstanding over genuine problem-solving. Bravo, Congress! You've managed to create a bill that is both ineffective and infuriating.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

**Bill Summary: HR 2799 - Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025**

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of HR 2799 is to amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms. The bill aims to close a loophole that allows individuals to modify semi-automatic firearms to fire at a rate similar to machineguns.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:**

1. **Definition of Semi-Automatic Firearm**: The bill adds a new definition of "semi-automatic firearm" to section 921(a) of title 18, United States Code. 2. **Prohibition on Machinegun Conversion Devices**: Section 922(v)(1) prohibits the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that can convert semi-automatic firearms into machineguns, including bump stocks and other modifications that increase the rate of fire. 3. **Registration Requirement**: The bill requires individuals who lawfully own or possess modified semi-automatic firearms to register them with the Internal Revenue Service within 120 days of enactment. 4. **Exemptions**: The bill exempts the United States government, states, tribes, and their departments and agencies from the prohibition.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

1. **Firearm Manufacturers**: Companies that produce semi-automatic firearms and machinegun conversion devices will be affected by the bill's provisions. 2. **Gun Owners**: Individuals who own or possess modified semi-automatic firearms will need to register them with the IRS. 3. **Law Enforcement Agencies**: Federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies may see an impact on their ability to regulate and enforce laws related to machineguns and semi-automatic firearms.

**Potential Impact & Implications:**

1. **Reduced Gun Violence**: By prohibiting machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semi-automatic firearms, the bill aims to reduce gun violence and mass shootings. 2. **Increased Regulation**: The bill's provisions will increase regulation on the firearm industry and individuals who own or possess modified semi-automatic firearms. 3. **Potential Litigation**: The bill may face legal challenges from firearm manufacturers and advocacy groups that argue it infringes upon Second Amendment rights.

Overall, HR 2799 aims to address a loophole in existing law that allows for the modification of semi-automatic firearms into machineguns, which can contribute to gun violence. The bill's provisions will impact various stakeholders, including firearm manufacturers, gun owners, and law enforcement agencies.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (neutral personality)

Let's break down this congressional bill, HR 2799, and get into the nitty-gritty.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

This bill, dubbed the "Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025," aims to tighten up regulations on machinegun conversion devices and modifications that turn semi-automatic firearms into de facto machineguns. The main goal is to prevent mass shootings by limiting access to these types of devices.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill makes some significant changes to existing law:

* It defines a "semiautomatic firearm" in section 921(a) and prohibits the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, or possession of devices that increase the rate of fire of semi-automatic firearms. * Section 922(v) specifically targets bump stocks and other devices that allow semi-automatic firearms to approximate the action or rate of fire of a machinegun. This includes manual, power-driven, or electronic devices designed to increase the rate of fire. * If you already own one of these modified firearms, you'll need to register it with the feds within 120 days.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

This bill affects:

* Gun owners: Specifically those who own semi-automatic firearms that have been modified to increase their rate of fire. They'll need to register their firearms or risk facing penalties. * Manufacturers and sellers: Companies that produce or sell these types of devices will be prohibited from doing so under this law. * Law enforcement: Agencies will need to enforce the new regulations, which could lead to increased scrutiny on gun owners and manufacturers.

**Potential Impact & Implications**

This bill has some far-reaching implications:

* Reduced access to machinegun conversion devices: By prohibiting these types of devices, the bill aims to reduce the risk of mass shootings. * Increased regulation on semi-automatic firearms: This law tightens up regulations on semi-automatic firearms, which could lead to increased scrutiny on gun owners and manufacturers. * Potential impact on Second Amendment rights: Some argue that this bill infringes upon Second Amendment rights by limiting access to certain types of firearms. Others see it as a necessary step to prevent mass shootings.

Overall, this bill is all about closing loopholes and preventing the misuse of semi-automatic firearms. It's a complex issue, but by breaking it down, we can get a better understanding of what's at stake.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (surfer personality)

**Bill Analysis: HR 2799 - Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025**

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The primary objective of HR 2799 is to amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms. The bill aims to close a loophole that allows individuals to modify semi-automatic firearms to fire at rates similar to machineguns.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:**

1. **Definition of Semi-Automatic Firearm:** The bill inserts a new definition of "semi-automatic firearm" in section 921(a) of title 18, United States Code. 2. **Prohibition on Machinegun Conversion Devices:** Section 922(v)(1) prohibits the importation, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that increase the rate of fire of semi-automatic firearms or approximate the action or rate of fire of machineguns. 3. **Registration Requirements:** The bill requires individuals who lawfully own or possess modified semi-automatic firearms to register them in accordance with section 5841 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:**

1. **Gun Manufacturers and Dealers:** The bill's provisions will impact gun manufacturers and dealers, as they will be prohibited from selling or transferring devices that increase the rate of fire of semi-automatic firearms. 2. **Firearm Owners:** Individuals who own modified semi-automatic firearms will need to register them in accordance with the new requirements. 3. **Law Enforcement Agencies:** The bill's provisions may impact law enforcement agencies, which may need to adapt their procedures for handling and registering modified semi-automatic firearms.

**Potential Impact & Implications:**

1. **Reduced Gun Violence:** By prohibiting machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semi-automatic firearms, the bill aims to reduce gun violence and prevent mass shootings. 2. **Increased Regulatory Burden:** The registration requirements may create an additional regulatory burden for firearm owners and dealers. 3. **Potential Impact on Second Amendment Rights:** Some stakeholders may argue that the bill's provisions infringe upon Second Amendment rights, potentially leading to legal challenges.

**Monied Interest Analysis:** While there are no explicit PACs or industry lobby groups mentioned in the bill text, it is likely that gun control organizations and advocacy groups have influenced the legislation. The National Rifle Association (NRA) may also be a key stakeholder, as they often advocate for Second Amendment rights and may oppose provisions that restrict firearm modifications.

**Committee Capture:** The bill has been referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Ways and Means. While there is no clear evidence of committee capture, it is possible that gun control organizations or advocacy groups have influenced committee members or staff.

In conclusion, HR 2799 aims to close a loophole in existing law by prohibiting machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semi-automatic firearms. The bill's provisions will impact

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (whistleblower personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Rep. Titus, Dina [D-NV-1]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$78,850

24 donors

PACs

Organizations

$12,850

Committees

Individuals

$66,000

No PAC contributions found

SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

2 transactions

$5,800

LAS VEGAS PAIUTE TRIBE

1 transaction

$3,300

BARONA BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

1 transaction

$1,500

RENO-SPARKS INDIAN COLONY

1 transaction

$1,000

SANTA YNEZ BAND OF MISSION INDIANS

1 transaction

$1,000

NET2LINK, LLC

1 transaction

$250

No committee contributions found

ALSOP, JOSEPH W

2 transactions

$6,600

BROWN, JAY H.

2 transactions

$6,600

CHANG, RONIE

1 transaction

$3,300

PRITZKER, JAY

1 transaction

$3,300

SCHMIDT, ERIC

1 transaction

$3,300

CASHMAN, MARYKAYE

1 transaction

$3,300

GREENSPUN, MYRA S

1 transaction

$3,300

HAAS, GENE

1 transaction

$3,300

KELLNER, PETER

1 transaction

$3,300

SANDBERG, SHERYL

1 transaction

$3,300

SCOTT, MARIE RAY

1 transaction

$3,300

SUSSMAN, S. DONALD S

1 transaction

$3,300

TRONE, DAVID

1 transaction

$3,300

JURVETSON, KARLA

1 transaction

$3,300

SAMUELSON, MARTHA S

1 transaction

$3,300

SAMUELSON, PAUL

1 transaction

$3,300

BEKENSTEIN, ANITA

1 transaction

$3,300

BEKENSTEIN, JOSHUA

1 transaction

$3,300

Donor Network - Rep. Titus, Dina [D-NV-1]

Show Also Donated To

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Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 65 nodes and 27 connections (70 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $78,850

Top Donors - Rep. Titus, Dina [D-NV-1]

Showing top 24 donors by contribution amount

6 Orgs18 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 1 harmed.

−Defense Contractorsconfidence 0.90
Section 2(a)(2) prohibits import, sale, manufacture, transfer, receipt, or possession of devices that increase rate of fire of semi-automatic firearms, affecting defense contractors that produce firearms and related components.

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Department of Homeland Security

Weak

Vector: 57%

Pages: 201-204AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"HR 2799 focuses on gun‑control measures to curb mass shootings, whereas the Project 2025 DHS chapter emphasizes border security, immigration enforcement, and counterterrorism; the two share only a general concern for public safety and law‑enforcement roles."

Key themes:public safetylaw enforcementregulation

— 168 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. H.R. 5005, Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law No. 107-296, 107th Congress, November 25, 2002, § 101(b)(1), https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ296/PLAW-107publ296.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 2. See, for example, “Elon Musk Slams CISA Censorship Network as ‘Propaganda Platform,’” Kanekoa News, December 28, 2022, https://kanekoa.substack.com/p/elon-musk-slams-cisa-censorship-network (accessed March 14, 2023). 3. H.R. 2680, An Act to Amend the Immigration and Nationality Act, and for Other Purposes, Public Law No. 89-236, 89th Congress, October 3, 1965, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-79/pdf/STATUTE-79- Pg911.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 4. Added to the Immigration and Nationality Act by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. See H.R. 3610, Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997, Public Law No. 104-208, 104th Congress, September 30, 1996, Division C, https://www.congress.gov/104/plaws/publ208/ PLAW-104publ208.pdf (accessed March 14, 2023). 5. 8 U.S. Code, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/8 (accessed March 14, 2023). 6. 18 U.S. Code, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18 (accessed March 14, 2023). 7. 5 U.S. Code §§ 551–559, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-5/subchapter-II (accessed March 14, 2023). 8. Table, “United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Budget Comparison and Adjustments Appropriation and PPA Summary,” in U.S. Department of Homeland Security, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security, United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2023 Congressional Justification, p. CIS-4, https://www.uscis.gov/ sites/default/files/document/reports/U.S._Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services%E2%80%99_Budget_ Overview_Document_for%20Fiscal_Year_2023.pdf#:~:text=The%20FY%202023%20Budget%20includes%20 %24913.6M%2C%204%2C001%20positions%3B,of%20%24444.1M%20above%20the%20FY%202022%20 President%E2%80%99s%20Budget (accessed March 14, 2023), and Table, “United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Comparison of Budget Authority and Request,” in ibid., p. CIS-5. 9. H.R. 7311, William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law No. 110-457, 110th Congress, December 23, 2008, § 235, https://www.congress.gov/110/plaws/publ457/PLAW- 110publ457.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 10. Matter of A-B-, Respondent, 27 I&N Dec. 316 (A.G. 2018), https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1070866/ download (accessed January 18, 2023). 11. Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/567/387/ (accessed January 18, 2023). 12. Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [Public Law 93–288; Approved May 22, 1974] [As Amended Through P.L. 117–328, Enacted December 29, 2022], https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/ COMPS-2977/pdf/COMPS-2977.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 13. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Budget Overview, Fiscal Year 2023 Congressional Justification, p. FEMA-24, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-03/Federal%20Emergency%20 Management%20Agency_Remediated.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 14. Report, United States Secret Service: An Agency in Crisis, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives, 114th Congress, December 9, 2015, https://republicans-oversight.house.gov/ wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Oversight-USSS-Report.pdf (accessed January 18, 2023). 15. 5 U.S. Code § 7103, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/7103 (accessed March 15, 2023). 16. S. 3418, Privacy Act of 1974, Public Law No. 93-579, 93rd Congress, December 31, 1974, https://www.govinfo. gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1896.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 17. H.R. 1428, Judicial Redress Act of 2015, Public Law No. 114-126, 114th Congress, February 24, 2016, https://www. congress.gov/114/plaws/publ126/PLAW-114publ126.pdf (accessed March 15, 2023). 18. H.R. 1158, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Public Law No. 116-93, 116th Congress, December 20, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1158 (accessed January 18, 2023).

Department of Health and Human Services

Minimal

Vector: 58%

Pages: 488-490AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill concerns firearm regulation and bump stock prohibition, whereas the Project 2025 HHS section addresses abortion data reporting, FDA drug competition, laboratory-developed tests, and drug shortages, with no thematic overlap."

— 456 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise abortion providers and whether better prenatal physical, mental, and social care improves infant outcomes and decreases abortion rates, especially among those who are most vulnerable. The Ensuring Accurate and Complete Abortion Data Reporting Act of 20239 would amend title XIX of the Social Security Act and Public Health Service Act to improve the CDC’s abortion reporting mechanisms by requiring states, as a condition of federal Medicaid payments for family planning services, to report streamlined variables in a timely manner. The CDC should immediately end its collection of data on gender identity, which legitimizes the unscientific notion that men can become women (and vice versa) and encourages the phenomenon of ever-multiplying subjective identities. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) The FDA’s mission includes ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs, biological products, and medical devices. Federal Laws That Shield Big Pharma from Competition. Because generics generally cost far less than brand-name drugs, consumers begin to save money as soon as a generic product comes on the market. The vast majority are very afford- able with 93 percent of generic products costing $20 or less. Savings would be even higher under proposals that prevent brand-name man- ufacturers from slowing down or impeding the entrance of generic products into the marketplace. Specifically, the FDA should prohibit pharmaceutical companies from purposely sitting on their legally available right to be the first to sell generic versions of their drugs. Additionally, Congress should create legal remedies for generic companies to obtain samples of brand-name products for their generic development efforts and should prohibit meritless “citizen petitions” submitted by manufacturers to delay approval of a generic competitor.10 Approval Process for Laboratory-Developed or Modified Medical Tests. Learning from the failed early COVID-19 testing experience, Congress and the FDA should focus on reforming laws and regulations governing medical tests, especially with respect to laboratory-developed tests. Commercial tests are developed with the intention of being widely marketed, distributed, and used, while laboratory-developed tests are created with the intention of being used solely within one laboratory. A test developed by a lab in accordance with the protocols developed by another lab (non-commercial sharing) currently constitutes a “new” laboratory-developed test because the lab in which it will be used is different from the initial developing lab. To encourage interlab- oratory collaboration and discourage duplicative test creation (and associated regulatory and logistical burdens), the FDA should introduce mechanisms through which laboratory-developed tests can easily be shared with other laboratories with- out the current regulatory burdens.11 — 457 — Department of Health and Human Services The “laboratory-developed tests” category currently encompasses a range of possible tests, many of which would be characterized more appropriately as “lab- oratory-modified tests” because they are not truly novel tests but rather modified versions of existing tests. To avoid stifling innovation and access to medical care, the applicable statutes and regulations should be revised to facilitate greater access to such modified tests.12 Finally, the FDA has long held that it has regulatory authority over such tests, while others have argued that they should be considered clinical services regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The FDA currently has regulatory authority over in vitro diagnostics, and under the Clinical Lab- oratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA),13 the CMS ensures that labs meet analytical validity standards for test methods. Congress, the FDA, and the CMS need to clarify and disentangle overlapping authorities over tests to eliminate regulatory confusion.14 Drug Shortages. The very thin profit margins and the regulatory burdens associated with generic drug manufacturing discourage inventory and capacity investments by manufacturers and contribute to drug shortages. HHS and the FDA should encourage more dependable generic drug manufacturing. The FDA should expand its current pass/fail approach to drug facility inspec- tions into a graded system that recognizes manufacturers that exceed minimum standards by investing in improving production reliability. The FDA should also add facility codes to drug packaging and construct a searchable database that cross-references product codes and facility codes. That would enable wholesalers and pharmacy benefit managers to identify and preference drugs manufactured at more reliable facilities, thus encouraging generic drug manufacturers to compete on reliability as well as on price. For its part, HHS should exempt multi-source generic drugs from requirements to pay rebates to Medicaid and other federally funded health programs, as those provisions penalize new investments in expanding manufacturing capacity when supply is unable to meet demand.15 Additionally, FDA and NIH should promote efficacy trials of new applications for generic drugs, which might include NIH fund- ing such trials or conducting its own. Abortion Pills. Abortion pills pose the single greatest threat to unborn chil- dren in a post-Roe world. The rate of chemical abortion in the U.S. has increased by more than 150 percent in the past decade; more than half of annual abortions in the U.S. are chemical rather than surgical. The abortion pill regimen is typically a two-part process. The first pill, mifepris- tone, causes the death of the unborn child by cutting off the hormone progesterone, which is required to sustain a pregnancy. The second pill, misoprostol, causes con- tractions to induce a delivery of the dead child and uterine contents, usually into a toilet at home. The abortion-pill regimen is currently approved for up to 70 days

Environmental Protection Agency

Minimal

Vector: 58%

Pages: 458-460AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill addresses firearm regulation and bump stocks, while the Project 2025 excerpt concerns EPA regulatory reforms, greenhouse gas reporting, and HFC regulation; there is no substantive thematic overlap."

— 425 — Environmental Protection Agency are statutorily required, and remove any regulatory differences between attainment and maintenance that are not explicitly required by law. l Streamline the process for state and local governments to demonstrate that their federally funded highway projects will not interfere with NAAQS attainment. l Adopt policies to prevent abuse of EPA’s CAA “error correction” authority.20 EPA historically has used this to coerce states into adopting its favored policies on pain of imposition of a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP). l Limit EPA’s reliance on CAA § 30121 general rulemaking authority to ensure that it is not abused to issue regulations for which EPA lacks substantive authority elsewhere in the statute. l If possible, return the standard-setting role to Congress. Climate Change l Remove the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) for any source category that is not currently being regulated. The overall reporting program imposes significant burdens on small businesses and companies that are not being regulated. This is either a pointless burden or a sword-of- Damocles threat of future regulation, neither of which is appropriate. l Establish a system, with an appropriate deadline, to update the 2009 endangerment finding. l Establish a significant emissions rate (SER) for greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Regulating Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act22 l Repeal Biden Administration implementing regulations for the AIM Act that are unnecessarily stringent and costly. l Refrain from granting petitions from opportunistic manufacturers to add new restrictions that further skew the market toward costlier refrigerants and equipment.

Financial Regulatory Agencies

Minimal

Vector: 57%

Pages: 875-878AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill addresses gun control by regulating bump stocks and machinegun conversion devices, while the Project 2025 excerpt focuses on financial regulatory agencies, SEC/CFTC policy, and capital access—there is no substantive thematic overlap."

Financial Regulatory Agencies

Minimal

Vector: 57%

Pages: 875-878AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill addresses gun control and bump stock loopholes, while the Project 2025 section focuses on financial regulatory agencies such as the SEC and CFPB; there is no substantive policy overlap."

— 842 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise 19. Burton, “Improving Entrepreneurs’ Access to Capital: Vital for Economic Growth”; Campbell, “The Case for Federal Pre-Emption of State Blue Sky Laws.” 20. David R. Burton, “Why the SEC’s Consolidated Audit Trail Is a Bad Idea,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, December 5, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/monetary-policy/commentary/why-the-secs-consolidated- audit-trail-bad-idea; Hester M. Peirce, Commissioner, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, “Statement on the Order Granting Temporary Conditional Exemptive Relief from Certain Requirements of the National Market System Plan Governing the Consolidated Audit Trail,” July 8, 2022, https://www.sec.gov/news/ statement/peirce-statement-consolidated-audit-trail-070822 (accessed February 20, 2023). 21. Peirce, “It’s Not Just Scope 3: Remarks at the American Enterprise Institute”; Uyeda, “Remarks at the 2022 Cato Summit on Financial Regulation.” 22. David R. Burton, “How Dodd–Frank Mandated Disclosures Harm, Rather than Protect, Investors,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 4526, March 10, 2016, http://thf-reports.s3.amazonaws.com/2016/IB4526.pdf. 23. For a detailed discussion of SEC administration, see Burton, “Reforming the Securities and Exchange Commission.” 24. See, for example, Andrew N. Vollmer, “Accusers as Adjudicators in Agency Enforcement Proceedings,” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Fall 2018), pp. 103–155, https://repository.law. umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1602&context=mjlr (accessed February 20, 2023). 25. 7 U.S.C. § 1a(9), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/1a (accessed February 20, 2023). 26. Or the CFTC can undertake a rulemaking. 27. 7 U.S.C. § 2(i), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/2 (accessed February 20, 2023). 28. 7 U.S.C. § 7b–3, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/7b-3 (accessed February 20, 2923). 29. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Cross-Border Application of the Registration Thresholds and Certain Requirements Applicable to Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 178 (September 14, 2020), pp. 56924–57016, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-09- 14/pdf/2020-16489.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 30. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Interpretive Guidance and Policy Statement Regarding Compliance with Certain Swap Regulations,” Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 144 (July 26, 2013), pp. 45292–45374, https:// www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/idc/groups/public/@lrfederalregister/documents/file/2013-17958a.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 31. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, “Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants—Cross-Border Application of the Margin Requirements,” Final Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 81, No. 104 (May 31, 2016), pp. 34818–34854, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-05-31/ pdf/2016-12612.pdf (accessed February 21, 2023). 32. H.R. 4173, Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Public Law 111–203, 111th Congress, July 21, 2010, Title X, https://www.congress.gov/111/plaws/publ203/PLAW-111publ203.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). See also Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “About Us,” https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about- us/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 33. See, for example, Paul Sperry, “Trump Is Finally Fixing This Economy-Killing Agency,” New York Post, December 2, 2017, https://nypost.com/2017/12/02/trump-is-finally-fixing-this-economy-killing-agency/ (accessed March 23, 2023). See also Jeb Hensarling “How We’ll Stop a Rogue Federal Agency,” The Wall Street Journal, February 8, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-well-stop-a-rogue-federal- agency-1486597413 (accessed March 23, 2023), and H.R. 3389, CFPB Slush Fund Elimination Act of 2013, 113th Congress, introduced October 30, 2013, https://www.congress.gov/113/bills/hr3389/BILLS-113hr3389ih.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 34. Editorial, “CFPB Joins Justice in Shaking Down Banks for Democrat Activist Groups,” Investor’s Business Daily, June 17, 2015, https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/cfpb-diverts-civil-penalty-funds-to-democrat- activist-groups/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 35. Table, “Budget by Program,” in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Annual Performance Plan and Report, and Budget Overview, February 2023, p. 15, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_ performance-plan-and-report_fy23.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 36. Table, “FTE by Program,” in ibid., p. 16. — 843 — Financial Regulatory Agencies 37. Table 7, “Civil Penalty Fund Significant Activity,” in Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Financial Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Fiscal Year 2022, November 15, 2022, p. 21, https://files. consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_financial-report_fy2022.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 38. Ibid. 39. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Financial Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Fiscal Year 2022, p. 20. 40. 12 U.S. Code § 5491, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5491 (accessed March 23, 2023). 41. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Bureau Structure,” last updated March 15, 2023, https://www. consumerfinance.gov/about-us/the-bureau/bureau-structure/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 42. See Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Consumer Financial Civil Penalty Fund Rule,” https://www. consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/final-rules/consumer-financial-civil-penalty-fund-rule/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 43. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Civil Penalty Fund: Consumer Education and Financial Literacy,” https://www.consumerfinance.gov/enforcement/payments-harmed-consumers/civil-penalty-fund/consumer- education-financial-literacy/ (accessed March 23, 2023). 44. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Opportunity Exists to Improve Transparency of Civil Penalty Fund Activities, GAO-14-551, June 2014, https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-14-551. pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 45. Seila Law LLC v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 591 U.S. ___ (2020), https://www.supremecourt.gov/ opinions/19pdf/19-7_n6io.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 46. Ibid., p. 37. 47. See 12 U.S. Code § 5497(a)(1), https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/5497 (accessed March 23, 2023). Congress specified that the amount transferred to the CFPB “shall not exceed” 12 percent “of the total operating expenses of the Federal Reserve System…in fiscal year 2013, and in each year thereafter.” Ibid., § 5497(2)(A)(iii). 48. Community Financial Services Association of America v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (5th Cir. 2022), pp. 31–32, https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/21/21-50826-CV0.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 49. Ibid., p. 32. 50. Ibid. (quoting Seila Law LLC v. CFPB, 140 S. Ct. 2183, 2202 n. 8 (2020)). 51. U.S. Supreme Court, “Order List: 598 U.S.,” February 27, 2023, Docket No. 22–448, CFPB et al. v. Com. Fin. Services Assn., et al., https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/022723zor_6537.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 52. Devin Watkins, Competitive Enterprise Institute, “Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Ripe for Reform,” testimony before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Monetary Policy, Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, March 9, 2023, https://docs.house.gov/meetings/BA/ BA20/20230309/115384/HHRG-118-BA20-Wstate-WatkinsD-20230309.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023); Norbert J. Michel, “7 Steps Next Director Can Take to Make the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Less Awful,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, July 28, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/markets-and-finance/ commentary/7-steps-next-director-can-take-make-the-consumer-financial. 53. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal Reserve, and National Credit Union Administration. Those functions performed by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) prior to Dodd–Frank should be transferred to the OCC since OTS has merged with OCC. 54. See “Section 1071 of the Dodd–Frank Act” in David R. Burton, “Improving Small Business Access to Capital,” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Symposium on Section 1071 of the Dodd–Frank Act, Small Business Lending Panel, November 6, 2019, https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_burton-written- statement_symposium-section-1071.pdf (accessed March 23, 2023). 55. 5 U.S. Code Chapter 5, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/5/part-I/chapter-5 (accessed March 23, 2023). 56. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, “Administrative Adjudication Proceedings,” https://www. consumerfinance.gov/administrative-adjudication-proceedings/ (accessed March 23, 2023), and 12 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1081—Rules of Practice for Adjudication Proceedings, https://www.law.cornell.edu/ cfr/text/12/part-1081 (accessed March 23, 2023).

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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