FIRM Act

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Bill ID: 119/s/875
Last Updated: March 11, 2026

Sponsored by

Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC]

ID: S001184

Follow the money

The bill

FIRM Act

S. 875, 119th Congress β€” read as touching Commercial Banks.

The sponsor

Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$287,300 raised

26 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 32.

March 17, 2025

Introduced

πŸ“ Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

πŸ›οΈ

Committee Review

πŸ—³οΈ

Floor Action

βœ…

Passed Senate

πŸ›οΈ

House Review

πŸŽ‰

Passed Congress

πŸ–ŠοΈ

Presidential Action

βš–οΈ

Became Law

πŸ“š How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Another brilliant example of legislative theater, courtesy of the esteemed members of Congress. Let's dissect this farce, shall we?

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The FIRM Act (Financial Integrity and Regulation Management Act) claims to "curtail the political weaponization of Federal banking agencies" by eliminating reputational risk as a component of supervision for depository institutions. How noble. In reality, this bill is a thinly veiled attempt to shield banks from accountability and allow them to engage in reckless behavior without fear of reprisal.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill removes references to reputational risk from guidance, rules, examination manuals, and similar documents established by Federal banking agencies. It also prohibits these agencies from considering reputational risk when examining and supervising depository institutions. In essence, banks will be free to engage in questionable practices without worrying about the consequences.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The usual suspects are behind this bill: big banks, financial institutions, and their lobbyists. They're the ones who'll benefit from reduced oversight and increased freedom to operate with impunity. Meanwhile, consumers, taxpayers, and anyone who cares about financial stability will be left to deal with the fallout.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** This bill is a recipe for disaster. By removing reputational risk as a consideration, banks will be emboldened to engage in high-risk activities, such as lending to dubious customers or investing in shady assets. This will increase the likelihood of financial crises, bailouts, and economic instability. It's a classic case of "privatize profits, socialize losses."

The real disease here is not reputational risk but rather the corrupting influence of money and power on our regulatory system. The FIRM Act is just another symptom of this deeper illness – a desperate attempt to protect the interests of the powerful at the expense of everyone else.

In conclusion, the FIRM Act is a masterclass in legislative doublespeak, designed to confuse and mislead while serving the interests of those who matter most: big banks and their lobbyists. It's a bill that will make our financial system more unstable, more corrupt, and more prone to catastrophic failures. But hey, at least it'll be good for business – until it all comes crashing down, that is.

Related Topics

Banking & Financial ServicesFederal Budget & AppropriationsCongressional Rules & Procedures
Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

πŸ’° Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC]

Congress 119 β€’ 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions
$287,300
24 donors
PACs
$0
Organizations
$23,300
Committees
$0
Individuals
$264,000

No PAC contributions found

1
FAIRWAY INVESTMENTS, LLC
2 transactions
$16,500
2
MK INTERNATIONAL LLC
1 transaction
$3,300
3
OSWALD COOKE & ASSOCIATES, LLC
1 transaction
$1,500
4
HUDSON CAPITAL ADVISORS LLC
1 transaction
$1,000
5
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
1 transaction
$1,000

No committee contributions found

1
EMMET, RICHARD
2 transactions
$26,400
2
BOLDRICK, JAMES
1 transaction
$13,200
3
DUHAMEL, WILLIAM
1 transaction
$13,200
4
GROFF, SUSAN
1 transaction
$13,200
5
SLUSKY, ALEX
1 transaction
$13,200
6
HAMMOND, GREGORY
1 transaction
$13,200
7
NAVARRO, ANNE
1 transaction
$13,200
8
NEWMAN, BRAD
1 transaction
$13,200
9
ANDERSON, MORGAN
1 transaction
$13,200
10
BROWN, JAMES
1 transaction
$13,200
11
CANN, DAVID
1 transaction
$13,200
12
CHAMBERLAIN, LEE
1 transaction
$13,200
13
COLQUITT, DAVID
1 transaction
$13,200
14
CONVERSE, JUSTIN
1 transaction
$13,200
15
DEERING, TONY
1 transaction
$13,200
16
DEJONG, ROBERT
1 transaction
$13,200
17
GOLDBAUM, ROBERT
1 transaction
$13,200
18
HASLAM, BILL
1 transaction
$13,200
19
HASLAM, JAMES
1 transaction
$13,200

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 10 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Crapo, Mike [R-ID]

ID: C000880

Top Contributors

10

1
MORONGO BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationBANNING, CA
$3,300
Jun 30, 2023
2
SAN MANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
OrganizationLOS ANGELES, CA
$2,000
Dec 19, 2024
3
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Apr 30, 2024
4
ONEIDA NATION
OrganizationONEIDA, WI
$1,000
Sep 10, 2024
5
RENO-SPARKS INDIAN COLONY
OrganizationRENO, NV
$500
Sep 10, 2024
6
ARNOLD, JOHN D. MR.
NONE β€’ RETIRED
IndividualHOUSTON, TX
$6,600
May 6, 2024
7
LEPRINO, TERRY L
NONE β€’ RETIRED
IndividualDENVER, CO
$3,300
Nov 1, 2024
8
BUKOWSKY, BRANT
MORTGAGE RESEARCH CENTER β€’ ENTREPRENEUR
IndividualCOLUMBIA, MO
$3,300
Oct 9, 2023
9
BUKOWSKY, BROCK
VETERANS UNITED β€’ FINANCE
IndividualCOLUMBIA, MO
$3,300
Nov 28, 2023
10
SILBEY, ALEXANDER
ATS COMMUNICATIONS, INC. β€’ CONSULTANT
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Dec 21, 2023

Sen. Rounds, Mike [R-SD]

ID: R000605

Top Contributors

10

1
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Nov 22, 2023
2
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Apr 30, 2024
3
CHOCTAW NATION OF OKLAHOMA
OrganizationDURANT, OK
$500
Nov 1, 2024
4
ROWAN, CAROLYN
CAROLYN ROWAN COLLECTION β€’ OWNER
IndividualGREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Mar 30, 2023
5
ROWAN, MARC J
APOLLO MGMT. β€’ CEO
IndividualGREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Mar 30, 2023
6
HEGYI, ALBERT
1ST FINANCIAL BANK β€’ BANKER
IndividualSOUTHPORT, CT
$6,600
Aug 22, 2023
7
ROWAN, CAROLYN
CAROLYN ROWAN COLLECTION β€’ OWNER
IndividualGREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Mar 30, 2023
8
ROWAN, MARC J
APOLLO MGMT. β€’ CEO
IndividualGREENWICH, CT
$6,600
Mar 30, 2023
9
HEGYI, ALBERT
1ST FINANCIAL BANK β€’ BANKER
IndividualSOUTHPORT, CT
$6,600
Aug 22, 2023
10
PFAUTCH, ROY
CIVIC SERVICE, INC. β€’ CONSULTANT
IndividualSAINT LOUIS, MO
$6,600
Feb 20, 2024

Sen. Tillis, Thomas [R-NC]

ID: T000476

Top Contributors

10

1
SASTRY, ASHWANI
SUNRISE VASCULAR β€’ PHYSICIAN
IndividualORLANDO, FL
$3,400
Dec 12, 2024
2
AGARWAL, SAJJAN K
GREENHAWK CORPORATION β€’ CEO
IndividualCARY, NC
$3,300
Dec 11, 2024
3
ALLYN, JILL
BRIGHTHOUSE FINANCIAL β€’ INVESTMENTS
IndividualESTERO, FL
$3,300
Oct 17, 2024
4
BARATTA, JOSEPH PATRICK
BLACKSTONE β€’ FINANCE EXECUTIVE
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 18, 2024
5
BARATTA, JOSEPH PATRICK
BLACKSTONE β€’ FINANCE EXECUTIVE
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 18, 2024
6
BIELEN, RICHARD J
PROTECTIVE LIFE CORPORATION β€’ PRESIDENT & CEO
IndividualMOUNTAIN BRK, AL
$3,300
Oct 29, 2024
7
BLITZER, DAVID S
BLACKSTONE β€’ CHAIRMAN
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 12, 2024
8
BLITZER, DAVID S
BLACKSTONE β€’ CHAIRMAN
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 12, 2024
9
BRAND, MARTIN
BLACKSTONE β€’ FINANCE
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$3,300
Dec 20, 2024
10
CAMERON, WILLIAM H
CAMERON MANAGMENT β€’ PRESIDENT
IndividualWILMINGTON, NC
$3,300
Oct 28, 2024

Sen. Kennedy, John [R-LA]

ID: K000393

Top Contributors

10

1
REITERMAN, MARY ELIZABETH
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualSTOKESDALE, NC
$17,400
Oct 3, 2024
2
VIVIAN, MICHAEL A
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualPHOENIX, AZ
$17,400
Oct 23, 2024
3
REITERMAN, MARY ELIZABETH
IndividualSTOKESDALE, NC
$17,400
Nov 18, 2024
4
VIVIAN, MICHAEL A
IndividualPHOENIX, AZ
$17,400
Oct 23, 2024
5
JONES, SHIRLEY
IndividualLAKELAND, FL
$17,400
May 9, 2024
6
LACOSTE, ROGER
IndividualNEW BEDFORD, MA
$17,400
Jun 30, 2024
7
JONES, SHIRLEY
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualLAKELAND, FL
$17,400
May 6, 2024
8
LACOSTE, ROGER
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualNEW BEDFORD, MA
$17,400
Jun 22, 2024
9
LABEDZ, DAVID
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualWARREN, MI
$17,400
Sep 5, 2024
10
LABEDZ, DAVID
IndividualWARREN, MI
$11,000
Sep 6, 2024

Sen. Hagerty, Bill [R-TN]

ID: H000601

Top Contributors

10

1
WELDON
OrganizationWESTFIELD, NJ
$1,000
Mar 22, 2024
2
CARTER, JOY
AIRTECH INT'L β€’ SALES
IndividualHENDERSONVILLE, TN
$13,200
Jan 2, 2024
3
FULLER, CHRIS
TRANSCARD β€’ OWNER
IndividualCHATTANOOGA, TN
$10,410
Aug 18, 2023
4
RADER, SALLY
CHILDREN'S CLINIC OF NASHVILLE β€’ NURSE PRACTICTIONER
IndividualNASHVILLE, TN
$9,400
Mar 10, 2023
5
HALBOWER, JULIE MRS.
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualNAPLES, FL
$9,400
Jun 24, 2024
6
HALBOWER, MATTHEW
PENTWATER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT β€’ CEO
IndividualNAPLES, FL
$9,400
Jun 24, 2024
7
JOHNSON, CHARLES B. MR.
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$9,400
May 16, 2024
8
LES, JASON
RIOT PLATFORMS INC. β€’ CEO
IndividualCOSTA MESA, CA
$9,400
Jul 13, 2024
9
MASIERO, THOMAS
ABG ENERGY LLC β€’ CEO
IndividualPALL MALL, TN
$9,400
Jul 16, 2024
10
PRESTON, TAYLOR
EVELYN CAPITAL β€’ MANAGING PARTNER
IndividualNASHVILLE, TN
$9,400
Jul 28, 2024

Sen. Lummis, Cynthia M. [R-WY]

ID: L000571

Top Contributors

10

1
HEGYI, ALBERT P
1ST FINANCIAL BANK USA β€’ BANKER
IndividualNEW YORK, NY
$6,600
Dec 6, 2023
2
MANDELBLATT, DANIELLE
RETIRED β€’ RETIRED
IndividualASPEN, CO
$6,600
Sep 26, 2024
3
MANDELBLATT, ERIC
SOROBAN CAPITAL PARTNERS LP β€’ MANAGING PARTNER
IndividualASPEN, CO
$6,600
Sep 26, 2024
4
SAMANI, PYAHM
IndividualAUSTIN, TX
$5,800
Aug 8, 2023
5
CASCARILLA, MARISSA
NA β€’ HOMEMAKER
IndividualMIAMI, FL
$3,700
Apr 1, 2024
6
CASCARILLA, CHARLES
PAXOS β€’ CEO
IndividualMIAMI, FL
$3,700
Apr 1, 2024
7
DOWNS, RAISSA
TARPLIN, DOWNS AND YOUNG, LLC β€’ CONSULTANT
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,600
Dec 12, 2024
8
SCARAMUCCI, ANTHONY
SKYBRIDGE β€’ MANAGING PARTNER
IndividualPLANDOME, NY
$3,435
Jul 30, 2024
9
HOBART, ROBERT
VENTURE GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES β€’ CONSULTANT
IndividualNASHVILLE, TN
$3,435
Aug 5, 2024
10
HOLDING, KATHLEEN MS.
SUNLIGHT RANCH CO. β€’ EXECUTIVE
IndividualDAYTON, WY
$3,300
Dec 6, 2023

Sen. Britt, Katie Boyd [R-AL]

ID: B001319

Top Contributors

10

1
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Sep 14, 2023
2
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Oct 11, 2024
3
CHEROKEE NATION
OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK
$2,500
Oct 29, 2024
4
HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP
OrganizationRICHMOND, VA
$1,000
Jul 25, 2024
5
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
May 1, 2024
6
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Nov 9, 2023
7
STRONG, MIRANDA
CALISTA β€’ DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENT RELATIONS
IndividualANCHORAGE, AK
$5,000
Sep 20, 2023
8
STEPHENS, TYLER
FIERCE GOVERNMENT RELATIONS β€’ LOBBYIST
IndividualWASHINGTON, DC
$3,300
Jul 1, 2023
9
SINGER, PAUL
ELLIOTT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT β€’ CO-CEO, CO-CIO, PRESIDENT
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Jul 6, 2023
10
SINGER, PAUL
ELLIOTT INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT β€’ CO-CEO, CO-CIO, PRESIDENT
IndividualPALM BEACH, FL
$3,300
Jul 9, 2023

Sen. Ricketts, Pete [R-NE]

ID: R000618

Top Contributors

10

1
SPIKE OCOTILLO LLC
OrganizationCHANDLER, AZ
$2,500
Mar 4, 2024
2
HUNTON ANDREWS KURTH LLP
OrganizationRICHMOND, VA
$1,000
Mar 28, 2024
3
KING & SPALDING LLP
OrganizationATLANTA, GA
$1,000
Mar 29, 2024
4
GREENBERG TRAURIG
OrganizationALBANY, NY
$1,000
Apr 23, 2024
5
H.A. TRUE, III
OrganizationCASPER, WY
$1,000
Aug 22, 2024
6
DELTA AIRLINES
OrganizationATLANTA, GA
$234
Apr 17, 2023
7
VANDERSLOOT, BELINDA
SELF β€’ HOMEMAKER
IndividualIDAHO FALLS, ID
$6,600
Mar 4, 2024
8
VANDERSLOOT, FRANK
MELALEUCA β€’ OWNER
IndividualIDAHO FALLS, ID
$6,600
Mar 4, 2024
9
MANDELBLATT, DANIELLE
RETIRED
IndividualASPEN, CO
$6,600
Jun 7, 2024
10
MANDELBLATT, ERIC
SOROBAN CAPITAL PARTNERS LP β€’ MANAGING PARTNER
IndividualASPEN, CO
$6,600
Jun 7, 2024

Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND]

ID: C001096

Top Contributors

10

1
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Sep 29, 2023
2
POARCH BAND OF CREEK INDIANS
OrganizationATMORE, AL
$3,300
Jun 14, 2024
3
SISSETON-WAHPETON OYATE
OrganizationAGENCY VILLAGE, SD
$2,500
Jun 21, 2024
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$1,000
Jun 18, 2024
5
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$600
Jun 6, 2023
6
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$400
Jun 6, 2023
7
WALSH, RICHARD
IndividualLAKE WORTH BEACH, FL
$6,700
Oct 16, 2024
8
JORDAN, BORIS
CURALEAF β€’ EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
IndividualBOCA RATON, FL
$6,600
Sep 15, 2023
9
SMITH, BRAD
MICROSOFT CORPORATION β€’ ATTORNEY
IndividualBELLEVUE, WA
$6,600
Sep 29, 2023
10
KAPLAN, DAVID
ARES MANAGEMENT β€’ CO-FOUNDER
IndividualLOS ANGELES, CA
$6,600
Oct 11, 2023

Sen. Moreno, Bernie [R-OH]

ID: M001242

Top Contributors

10

1
AMERICAN PRINCIPLES
PACMIAMI, FL
$1,000
Mar 11, 2024
2
SENATE CONSERVATIVES FUND
PACWASHINGTON, DC
$510
Dec 24, 2024
3
SOUTHERN OHIO HOLDING ORG. LLC
OrganizationWASHINGTON COURT H, OH
$5,000
Mar 31, 2024
4
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Dec 31, 2024
5
SHAKOPEE MDEWAKANTON SIOUX COMMUNITY
OrganizationPRIOR LAKE, MN
$3,300
Dec 31, 2024
6
C AND D BILLS LTD
OrganizationFINDLAY, OH
$3,300
Jun 14, 2023
7
CLINTON COUNTY REPUBLICAN
OrganizationWILMINGTON, OH
$2,000
Sep 20, 2024
8
BOAK ENTERPRISES LLC
OrganizationCANFIELD, OH
$1,000
Sep 27, 2023
9
B2B CONCORD LLC
OrganizationHIGHLAND HEIGHTS, OH
$500
Sep 28, 2023
10
STATA FAMILY OFFICE
OrganizationDOVER, MA
$500
Jul 25, 2024

Donor Network - Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC]

PACs
Organizations
Individuals
Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Loading...

Showing 59 nodes and 41 connections (55 secondary connections hidden)

Total contributions: $382,910

Top Donors - Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC]

Showing top 24 donors by contribution amount

5 Orgs19 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 5 helped.

  • +Commercial Banksconfidence 0.95

    The bill removes reputational risk as a supervisory consideration for depository institutions (Sec. 4, Sec. 5), which benefits commercial banks by reducing regulatory scrutiny based on subjective negative publicity, allowing them to serve politically controversial but legal businesses without fear of supervisory reprisal.

  • +Cannabis & Other Viceconfidence 0.90

    The bill prohibits federal banking agencies from considering reputational risk in supervision (Sec. 4, Sec. 5), which directly benefits cannabis businesses by reducing regulatory pressure on banks to deny services to state-legal cannabis operations, addressing a core issue highlighted in 'Operation Choke Point' findings (Sec. 2).

  • +Crypto & Fintechconfidence 0.85

    The bill's removal of reputational risk from bank supervision (Sec. 4, Sec. 5) directly benefits crypto and fintech firms by reducing the likelihood that banks will deny or restrict services to these industries based on subjective negative publicity, expanding their access to financial services.

  • +Firearms & Ammunitionconfidence 0.85

    By eliminating reputational risk as a supervisory factor (Sec. 4, Sec. 5), the bill reduces barriers for firearms manufacturers and retailers to access banking services, countering past practices where banks restricted services to gun-related businesses due to reputational concerns.

  • By eliminating reputational risk considerations in bank supervision (Sec. 4, Sec. 5), the bill reduces barriers for private equity and hedge funds to access banking services for legally permissible but politically sensitive activities, benefiting these firms through expanded financial access.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent β€” they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

  • from 18 contributions
    • SHIRZAD, FARYAR$10,170
    • CAMPBELL, KARA CALVERT$9,900
    • GREWAL, PAUL$9,900
    • TUSAR, GREGORY$9,900
    • CHOI, EMILIE$9,900
  • from 11 contributions
    • MEHLMAN, KENNETH$16,500
    • KRAVIS, HENRY$9,900
    • MILLER, DAVE$3,300
    • BONDERMAN, DAVID$3,000
  • from 36 contributions
    • MCINTOSH, BRENT$9,900
    • REYNOLDS, DON$3,300
    • NICHOLS, ROB$1,000
    • WILCOX, JAMES$1,000
    • WEEMS, EMILY$840
  • from 2 contributions
    • BACHTELL, CHARLES$16,500

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