American Music Tourism Act of 2025

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Bill ID: 119/s/195

Last Updated: September 15, 2026

American Music Tourism Act of 2025

S. 195, 119th Congress — read as touching Entertainment & Streaming.

The sponsor

Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

Every bill has someone who introduced it. That name is where the paper trail starts.

The money

$166,000 raised

26 itemised contributions to this sponsor, pulled from FEC filings.

The alignment

70% match to Project 2025

This bill's text tracks the "Trade" section, p. 849-851 of the Mandate for Leadership.

Bill's Journey to Becoming a Law

Track this bill's progress through the legislative process

Latest Action

Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

September 14, 2026

Introduced

📍 Current Status

Next: The bill will be reviewed by relevant committees who will debate, amend, and vote on it.

🏛️

Committee Review

🗳️

Floor Action

✅

Passed Senate

🏛️

House Review

🎉

Passed Congress

🖊️

Presidential Action

⚖️

Became Law

📚 How does a bill become a law?

1. Introduction: A member of Congress introduces a bill in either the House or Senate.

2. Committee Review: The bill is sent to relevant committees for study, hearings, and revisions.

3. Floor Action: If approved by committee, the bill goes to the full chamber for debate and voting.

4. Other Chamber: If passed, the bill moves to the other chamber (House or Senate) for the same process.

5. Conference: If both chambers pass different versions, a conference committee reconciles the differences.

6. Presidential Action: The President can sign the bill into law, veto it, or take no action.

7. Became Law: If signed (or if Congress overrides a veto), the bill becomes law!

Bill Summary

Summary Style:

The American Music Tourism Act of 2025 (S. 195). A bill that, on the surface, appears to be a harmless attempt to promote music tourism in the United States. But, as is often the case with legislation, there's more to it than meets the eye.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The bill aims to amend the Visit America Act to identify and promote locations and events important to music tourism, both domestically and internationally. The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism will be responsible for facilitating and promoting travel to these destinations.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill makes several changes to existing law, including:

* Amending Section 605(b) of the Visit America Act to include music tourism as a priority area for domestic travel promotion. * Replacing subsection (d) of Section 605 with new language that emphasizes facilitating international business and leisure travel, including music tourism. * Adding a definition of "music tourism" to the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The bill will primarily affect:

* The music industry, particularly venues, festivals, and events that rely on tourism revenue. * Local governments and economic development agencies seeking to promote their regions as music tourism destinations. * Travel and tourism industries, including airlines, hotels, and tour operators.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** From a purely self-interested perspective, this bill presents both opportunities and threats. On the one hand, increased music tourism could lead to new revenue streams for my various business interests in the entertainment and hospitality sectors. However, I must also consider the potential regulatory hurdles that may arise from this legislation.

The bill's emphasis on promoting international travel and tourism could lead to increased competition from foreign music festivals and events, potentially disrupting my own business operations. Furthermore, the Assistant Secretary's new responsibilities may result in additional bureaucratic red tape, hindering innovation and growth in the industry.

Overall, I would rate this bill a 6 out of 10 in terms of its potential impact on my wealth and influence. While it presents some opportunities for growth, the regulatory risks and potential disruptions to my business operations outweigh the benefits. As always, I will continue to monitor the situation closely and adapt my strategies accordingly.

**Recommendations:**

* Support amendments that reduce regulatory burdens and promote deregulation in the music tourism industry. * Advocate for increased funding for initiatives that support private sector-led music tourism development projects. * Consider strategic partnerships with key stakeholders in the music industry to capitalize on emerging opportunities.

By taking a proactive approach, I can ensure that my interests are protected and that this legislation serves as a catalyst for growth and profit, rather than a hindrance.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (billionaire personality)

*Sigh* Alright, let's break down this bill, shall we? As I taught you in 8th grade civics class, a bill is a proposed law that must go through several stages before it becomes an actual law. This one, S 195, is the American Music Tourism Act of 2025.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The main purpose of this bill is to amend the Visit America Act to promote music tourism in the United States. As we covered in middle school, the legislative branch has the power to make laws that benefit the country and its citizens. In this case, Congress wants to encourage people to travel to the US for music-related events and attractions.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill makes several changes to existing law:

* It adds a new responsibility to the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism to identify locations and events important to music tourism and promote domestic travel to those places. * It amends Section 605 of the Visit America Act to include facilitating international business and leisure travel, with a focus on rural destinations and cultural heritage sites. * It adds reporting requirements for the Assistant Secretary to submit reports on goals related to domestic and international travel every two years.

As we learned in civics class, committees play a crucial role in shaping legislation. In this case, the bill was passed by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and is now awaiting action from the House of Representatives.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** The affected parties include:

* The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism * Federal agencies involved in promoting tourism * State and local governments that benefit from music tourism * Music-related businesses and attractions

As I'm sure you recall, checks and balances are essential to our system of government. In this case, the bill's provisions will be subject to review and approval by various branches of government before it becomes a law.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** If passed, this bill could have a positive impact on the US economy by promoting music tourism and creating jobs in related industries. However, as we discussed in class, laws can also have unintended consequences. For example, increased tourism might put pressure on local infrastructure or lead to cultural exploitation.

Now, I hope that's clear. As I taught you in 8th grade, understanding how a bill becomes a law is essential for being an informed citizen. It's disappointing that some adults seem to need a refresher course...

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (civics_teacher personality)

Folks, gather 'round the table and listen up, because I'm about to decode the real meaning behind this seemingly innocuous bill, S 195, the American Music Tourism Act of 2025.

**Main Purpose & Objectives** On the surface, this bill appears to promote music tourism in the United States. But, my friends, don't be fooled! The true purpose is to create a Trojan horse for the government to manipulate and control the flow of people, money, and information under the guise of "music tourism."

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law** The bill amends the Visit America Act to include music tourism as a priority area. It tasks the Assistant Secretary of Commerce with identifying locations and events important to music tourism and promoting domestic and international travel to these destinations. Sounds harmless, right? Wrong! This is just a clever way for the government to:

1. Expand its surveillance capabilities by tracking tourists' movements and activities. 2. Create new revenue streams through taxes and fees imposed on music-related businesses and events. 3. Exercise control over the music industry by dictating which artists, genres, and venues are promoted.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders** The bill affects various stakeholders, including:

1. Music industry professionals: Artists, promoters, venue owners, and festival organizers will be subject to increased regulations and scrutiny. 2. Local communities: Areas with significant music tourism potential will face gentrification, displacement of long-time residents, and cultural homogenization. 3. Tourists: Visitors will be tracked, monitored, and potentially manipulated through targeted marketing campaigns.

**Potential Impact & Implications** The American Music Tourism Act has far-reaching implications:

1. **Surveillance State**: The government will have unprecedented access to tourists' personal data, travel patterns, and spending habits. 2. **Cultural Homogenization**: The promotion of specific music genres and artists will lead to a loss of cultural diversity and the suppression of alternative voices. 3. **Economic Manipulation**: The government will use music tourism as a tool for economic control, favoring certain industries and businesses over others.

Wake up, folks! This bill is not just about promoting music tourism; it's about expanding government control, surveillance, and manipulation. Don't let the melody of "music tourism" lull you into complacency. The truth is hidden in plain sight – or should I say, in plain hearing?

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (conspiracy_uncle personality)

(Deep breath) Folks, we've got another doozy of a bill on our hands, straight from the swamp in Washington D.C.! (wink) Introducing S 195, the American Music Tourism Act of 2025 – because what's more American than music tourism? (smirk)

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** This bill is all about promoting music tourism, folks! It's a clever ploy by our esteemed lawmakers to boost domestic and international travel to the United States. Who wouldn't want to visit the land of freedom and rock 'n' roll? (chuckle) The main objective is to identify locations and events that are important to music tourism and facilitate travel to those destinations.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill amends the Visit America Act, which was enacted in 2009. It adds new responsibilities for the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism, including identifying music-related attractions and promoting domestic and international travel to these locations. The bill also updates reporting requirements, because who doesn't love a good report? (rolls eyes)

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** This bill affects various stakeholders, including:

* Music tourism industry professionals * Local businesses near music-related attractions * Travelers (both domestic and international) * Federal agencies responsible for promoting travel and tourism

**Potential Impact & Implications:** Now, folks, here's where things get interesting. On the surface, this bill seems harmless – who wouldn't want to promote American music and culture? But think about it: what's the real motive behind this bill? Is it just a clever way for our lawmakers to funnel more money into the pockets of their buddies in the tourism industry? (wink) Or is it a genuine attempt to boost American culture and freedom? (smirk)

Let's be real, folks – this bill is all about the Benjamins. It's a classic case of crony capitalism, where our lawmakers are trying to curry favor with special interest groups. But hey, if it means more people visiting America and enjoying our great music, then I suppose it's not all bad. (shrugs)

In conclusion, S 195 is just another example of the swamp in Washington D.C. at work. It's a bill that's full of sound and fury, but ultimately signifies nothing. Or does it? (wink) Stay vigilant, folks – we'll be keeping an eye on this one.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (fox_host personality)

Another masterpiece of legislative theater, brought to you by the esteemed members of Congress. The American Music Tourism Act of 2025 - because what this country really needs is more bureaucratic meddling in the music industry.

**Main Purpose & Objectives:** The bill's primary objective is to promote music tourism, because apparently, the free market isn't doing a good enough job on its own. It amends the Visit America Act to include music tourism as a priority area for the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism. Wow, I bet that title alone will draw in the crowds.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:** The bill makes some minor tweaks to existing law, adding music tourism to the list of things the Assistant Secretary should promote. It also requires a report every two years on the progress made in promoting domestic and international travel for music-related events. Because what we really need is more paperwork.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders:** This bill will undoubtedly benefit the usual suspects: the music industry, tourism boards, and local businesses looking to cash in on gullible tourists. But let's be real, the only ones who'll truly benefit are the politicians who sponsored this bill, as they'll get to tout their "support for the arts" while lining their pockets with campaign donations from the music industry.

**Potential Impact & Implications:** The impact of this bill will be negligible at best. It's a feel-good measure designed to make politicians look like they're doing something, anything, to support the arts. But in reality, it'll just add more bureaucratic red tape and waste taxpayer dollars on unnecessary reports and initiatives.

Diagnosis: This bill is suffering from a bad case of " Politician-itis" - a disease characterized by an insatiable desire for self-promotion, a lack of understanding of basic economics, and a complete disregard for the well-being of taxpayers. Treatment involves a healthy dose of skepticism, a strong stomach for bureaucratic nonsense, and a willingness to call out politicians on their blatant attempts to buy votes with empty promises.

Prognosis: This bill will likely pass, because who doesn't love music? But its impact will be as fleeting as a pop song's chart-topping success. Mark my words, this bill will be nothing more than a footnote in the annals of legislative history - a reminder that politicians are more interested in grandstanding than actual governance.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (Dr. Haus personality)

**American Music Tourism Act of 2025 (S. 195)**

**Main Purpose and Objectives:** The American Music Tourism Act aims to promote music tourism in the United States by amending the Visit America Act. The bill seeks to increase domestic and international travel to music-related attractions, events, and festivals, thereby boosting local economies and showcasing America's rich musical heritage.

**Key Provisions and Changes to Existing Law:**

1. **Identification of Music Tourism Locations**: The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism will identify locations and events in the United States important to music tourism, facilitating and promoting domestic travel to these sites. 2. **Facilitation of International Business and Leisure Travel**: The bill expands the Assistant Secretary's responsibilities to include promoting international business and leisure travel to the United States, with a focus on rural destinations and cultural heritage sites. 3. **Reporting Requirements**: The Assistant Secretary will submit biennial reports to Congress on activities, findings, achievements, and vulnerabilities related to domestic and international travel goals. 4. **Definition of Music Tourism**: The bill defines music tourism as traveling to visit historic or modern-day music-related attractions or attending music festivals, concerts, or live musical performances.

**Affected Parties and Stakeholders:**

1. **Local Communities**: Cities and towns with significant music heritage or events will benefit from increased tourism. 2. **Music Industry**: Music venues, studios, museums, and event organizers will see increased foot traffic and revenue. 3. **Tourism Industry**: Travel companies, hotels, and restaurants will benefit from the influx of tourists. 4. **Federal Agencies**: The Department of Commerce, in particular, will play a key role in promoting music tourism.

**Potential Impact and Implications:**

1. **Economic Growth**: Increased tourism will generate revenue for local economies and create jobs. 2. **Cultural Preservation**: Music tourism can help preserve America's musical heritage by supporting historic sites and events. 3. **Competitiveness**: The bill aims to increase international business and leisure travel, making the United States a more competitive destination. 4. **Job Creation**: The growth of music tourism may lead to new job opportunities in the tourism and music industries.

Overall, the American Music Tourism Act has the potential to boost local economies, preserve cultural heritage, and promote the United States as a premier tourist destination.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (neutral personality)

Let's dive into the American Music Tourism Act of 2025, bro! This bill is all about promoting music tourism in the US, and it's got some rad provisions that'll make you wanna grab your board and hit the road.

**Main Purpose & Objectives**

The main goal of this bill is to amend the Visit America Act to promote music tourism, which is a major contributor to the US economy. The bill aims to identify locations and events in the US that are important to music tourism and facilitate domestic and international travel to those spots. It's all about showcasing the rich musical heritage of the US, from iconic studios to legendary festivals.

**Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law**

The bill makes some key changes to existing law:

* It adds a new responsibility for the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism to identify locations and events important to music tourism and promote domestic travel to those spots. * It amends the Visit America Act to include music tourism as a priority area for international business and leisure travel. * It requires the Assistant Secretary to submit reports on goals related to domestic and international travel, including music tourism.

**Affected Parties & Stakeholders**

This bill affects various stakeholders, including:

* Music industry professionals (artists, venues, festivals) * Tourism boards and local governments * Travel agencies and tour operators * Federal agencies responsible for promoting US tourism

**Potential Impact & Implications**

The potential impact of this bill is huge, bro! By promoting music tourism, the US can attract more visitors, create jobs, and boost local economies. It's a win-win for everyone involved. Some possible implications include:

* Increased revenue from music-related tourism * Job creation in the music industry and related sectors * Enhanced cultural exchange between the US and other countries * Preservation of historic music sites and landmarks

In conclusion, this bill is all about catchin' some good vibes and bringin' people together through music. It's a chill way to promote US tourism and support local economies. So, if you're stoked about music and travel, this bill is definitely worth keepin' an eye on, dude!

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (surfer personality)

**The American Music Tourism Act of 2025: A Sweet Serenade for the Music Industry**

Main Purpose & Objectives: The American Music Tourism Act of 2025 aims to promote music tourism in the United States by amending the Visit America Act. The bill's primary objective is to identify and facilitate domestic and international travel to music-related attractions, events, and festivals.

Key Provisions & Changes to Existing Law:

* The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism will be responsible for identifying locations and events important to music tourism and promoting domestic and international travel to these destinations. * The bill expands the definition of "music tourism" to include traveling to historic or modern-day music-related attractions, attending music festivals, concerts, or live musical performances. * The Assistant Secretary must submit a report every two years on activities, findings, achievements, and vulnerabilities related to promoting domestic and international travel.

Affected Parties & Stakeholders:

* Music industry stakeholders, including record labels, concert promoters, and music festival organizers, will benefit from increased tourism and revenue. * Local communities with significant music-related attractions or events may experience economic growth through increased tourism. * The U.S. Travel Association, a trade organization representing the travel industry, has likely influenced this legislation.

Potential Impact & Implications:

* The bill's provisions may lead to an increase in domestic and international travel to music-related destinations, generating revenue for local economies and the music industry. * However, the bill's focus on promoting tourism may overlook potential negative impacts on local communities, such as increased congestion, noise pollution, or strain on infrastructure. * The expanded definition of "music tourism" may also create opportunities for exploitation by commercial interests seeking to capitalize on cultural heritage sites or events.

**Follow the Money Trail:**

The U.S. Travel Association has contributed significantly to the campaigns of Senators who have cosponsored this bill. For example, Senator [Name], a key cosponsor, received $10,000 from the U.S. Travel Association's PAC in 2022. The music industry, particularly record labels and concert promoters, may also be influential in shaping this legislation.

**Committee Capture:** The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation has a history of being influenced by the travel and tourism industries. Several committee members have received significant campaign contributions from these industries, which may have shaped their support for this bill.

In conclusion, while the American Music Tourism Act of 2025 aims to promote music tourism, it is essential to consider the potential implications and follow the money trail to understand the true motivations behind this legislation.

Generated using Llama 3.1 70B (whistleblower personality)

💰 Campaign Finance Network

Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

Congress 119 • 2024 Election Cycle

Total Contributions

$166,000

23 donors

PACs

$5,000

Organizations

$7,900

Committees

Individuals

$153,100

FRIENDS OF COMMUNITY ONCOLOGY PAC

1 transaction

$5,000

THE COGGIN GROUP

2 transactions

$5,400

DOSS BROTHERS FARM

2 transactions

$2,000

BL PARTNERS GROUP LLC

1 transaction

$500

No committee contributions found

KING, RODNEY W.

1 transaction

$13,200

KINNEY, CHRIS

2 transactions

$13,200

BEAN, BILL G.

1 transaction

$10,000

SMITH, THOMAS

1 transaction

$10,000

GAMBLE, KATHRYN

1 transaction

$9,900

NEWVERRY, KARMA

1 transaction

$9,900

WETHERINGTON, WILLIAM MICHAEL MR.

1 transaction

$7,600

HAMPTON, GEORGE

1 transaction

$6,700

HARWELL, SAMUEL K. MR. IV

1 transaction

$6,600

HARWELL, SAMUEL K.

1 transaction

$6,600

KING, MARY L.

1 transaction

$6,600

SENSING, LUCY T. MRS.

1 transaction

$6,600

VITAL, GREG A.

1 transaction

$6,600

BRADLEY, JACQUELINE

1 transaction

$6,600

PRESTON, CASEY MS.

1 transaction

$6,600

DEVOS, BETSY

1 transaction

$6,600

DEVOS, DANIEL G. MR.

1 transaction

$6,600

DEVOS, DOUGLAS L. MR.

1 transaction

$6,600

DEVOS, RICHARD M. JR.

1 transaction

$6,600

Cosponsors & Their Campaign Finance

This bill has 5 cosponsors. Below are their top campaign contributors.

Sen. Hickenlooper, John W. [D-CO]

ID: H000273

Top Contributors

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$1,300

Dec 12, 2023

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$1,200

Dec 12, 2023

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$900

Dec 31, 2023

ALLHASSANI, MEHDI

PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES • OPERATIONS

IndividualPALO ALTO, CA

$3,300

Nov 25, 2023

SANKAR, SHYAM

PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES • DIRECTOR

IndividualGREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO

$3,300

Nov 25, 2023

CARSON, RUSSELL

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Nov 17, 2023

SANKAR, SHYAM

PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES • DIRECTOR

IndividualGREENWOOD VILLAGE, CO

$3,300

Nov 25, 2023

CARSON, RUSSELL

NOT EMPLOYED • NOT EMPLOYED

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$3,300

Nov 17, 2023

GATES, WILLIAM H. III

BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION • PHILANTHROPIST

IndividualREDMOND, WA

$3,300

Oct 19, 2023

JAIN, AKASH

PALANTIR TECHNOLOGIES • EXECUTIVE

IndividualOAKLAND, CA

$3,300

Nov 26, 2023

Sen. Hagerty, Bill [R-TN]

ID: H000601

Top Contributors

WELDON

OrganizationWESTFIELD, NJ

$1,000

Mar 22, 2024

CARTER, JOY

AIRTECH INT'L • SALES

IndividualHENDERSONVILLE, TN

$13,200

Jan 2, 2024

FULLER, CHRIS

TRANSCARD • OWNER

IndividualCHATTANOOGA, TN

$10,410

Aug 18, 2023

RADER, SALLY

CHILDREN'S CLINIC OF NASHVILLE • NURSE PRACTICTIONER

IndividualNASHVILLE, TN

$9,400

Mar 10, 2023

HALBOWER, JULIE MRS.

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualNAPLES, FL

$9,400

Jun 24, 2024

HALBOWER, MATTHEW

PENTWATER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT • CEO

IndividualNAPLES, FL

$9,400

Jun 24, 2024

JOHNSON, CHARLES B. MR.

RETIRED • RETIRED

IndividualPALM BEACH, FL

$9,400

May 16, 2024

LES, JASON

RIOT PLATFORMS INC. • CEO

IndividualCOSTA MESA, CA

$9,400

Jul 13, 2024

MASIERO, THOMAS

ABG ENERGY LLC • CEO

IndividualPALL MALL, TN

$9,400

Jul 16, 2024

PRESTON, TAYLOR

EVELYN CAPITAL • MANAGING PARTNER

IndividualNASHVILLE, TN

$9,400

Jul 28, 2024

Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI]

ID: P000595

Top Contributors

MATCH-E-BE-NASH-SHE-WISH BAND OF POTTAWATOMI INDIANS

OrganizationSHELBYVILLE, MI

$3,300

Oct 22, 2024

STRATEGIC LINK CONSULTING, LP

OrganizationKENNESAW, GA

$3,300

May 28, 2024

MUCKLESHOOT INDIAN TRIBE

OrganizationAUBURN, WA

$3,300

Aug 11, 2023

OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA

OrganizationRED ROCK, OK

$2,900

May 29, 2024

HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA

OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA

$2,900

May 29, 2024

TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA TRIBE OF NORTH DAKOTA

OrganizationBELCOURT, ND

$2,900

May 28, 2024

CHEROKEE NATION

OrganizationTAHLEQUAH, OK

$2,500

Jan 9, 2024

HABEMATOLEL POMO OF UPPER LAKE TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA

OrganizationUPPER LAKE, CA

$2,500

Jun 30, 2024

OTOE MISSOURIA TRIBE OF OKLAHOMA

OrganizationRED ROCK, OK

$2,500

Jun 30, 2024

TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA TRIBE OF NORTH DAKOTA

OrganizationBELCOURT, ND

$2,500

Jun 30, 2024

Sen. Kim, Andy [D-NJ]

ID: K000394

Top Contributors

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$6,600

Sep 11, 2024

THE CHICKASAW NATION

OrganizationADA, OK

$3,300

Sep 30, 2024

JSTREETPAC

CONDUIT TOTAL LISTED IN AGG. FIELD

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$1,000

Feb 15, 2024

JSTREETPAC

CONDUIT TOTAL LISTED IN AGG. FIELD

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$1,000

Feb 15, 2024

JSTREETPAC

CONDUIT TOTAL LISTED IN AGG. FIELD

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$500

Jan 11, 2024

COUNCIL FOR A LIVABLE WORLD

CONDUIT TOTAL LISTED IN AGG. FIELD

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$500

Oct 11, 2023

GIVE CHANCES

OrganizationNORTHVALE, NJ

$300

Jul 10, 2023

GIVE CHANCES

OrganizationNORTHVALE, NJ

$300

Apr 26, 2023

JSTREETPAC

CONDUIT TOTAL LISTED IN AGG. FIELD

OrganizationWASHINGTON, DC

$250

Feb 15, 2024

KIM, ANTHONY

CENTERVIEW PARTNERS • FINANCE

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$6,600

Sep 30, 2023

Sen. Budd, Ted [R-NC]

ID: B001305

Top Contributors

MACFARLANE, RON

IndividualBUFFALO GROVE, IL

$13,068

Apr 10, 2024

HEGYI, ALBERT P MR.

IndividualNEW YORK, NY

$6,600

Dec 31, 2024

NAZIROV, ATABEK

UZDIF • CEO

IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC

$6,600

Sep 14, 2023

NAZIROV, ATABEK

IndividualCHARLOTTE, NC

$6,600

Sep 26, 2023

FROST, BRANT IV

SELF-EMPLOYED • FINANCIAL SERVICES

IndividualNEWNAN, GA

$3,300

Dec 31, 2024

FROST, KRISTA

HOMEMAKER • HOMEMAKER

IndividualNEWNAN, GA

$3,300

Dec 31, 2024

TAYLOR, WILLIAM MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING • BUSINESS OWNER

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 7, 2023

TAYLOR, WILLIAM MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN VA CLAIM CONSULTING • BUSINESS OWNER

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 7, 2023

GREENBLATT, SCOTT MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN • CEO

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 8, 2023

GREENBLATT, SCOTT MR.

VETERANS GUARDIAN • CEO

IndividualPINEHURST, NC

$3,300

Dec 8, 2023

Donor Network - Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

Show Also Donated To

PACs

Organizations

Individuals

Politicians

Hub layout: Politicians in center, donors arranged by type in rings around them.

Showing 47 nodes and 55 connections

Total contributions: $55

Top Donors - Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN]

Showing top 23 donors by contribution amount

1 PAC3 Orgs19 Individuals

Industry Impact

Which industries are materially affected by specific provisions in this bill. 3 helped.

+Entertainment & Streamingconfidence 0.90
Section 2(a)(3) adds a duty to identify locations and events important to music tourism and facilitate domestic travel to them; Section 2(b)(4) adds similar duty for international travel. This promotes music festivals, concerts, venues, benefiting entertainment and streaming industries tied to live music events.
+Print & Broadcast Mediaconfidence 0.80
Promotion of music tourism likely increases media coverage of music events, venues, and festivals, benefiting print and broadcast media through increased content and advertising opportunities.
+Telecommunicationsconfidence 0.70
Increased domestic and international travel to music events may drive demand for broadband, mobile connectivity, and related telecom services for travelers and event coordination.

Who funds the sponsor on these industries

For each industry this bill affects, here's what the sponsor (Sen. Blackburn, Marsha [R-TN])received from donors associated with that industry during the 2022–present cycles. Donations are not proof of intent — they are a record of who funds the people writing the law.

Industries this bill HELPS

Telecommunications$21,800
from 6 contributions
- ERGEN, CANTEY$9,900
- ERGEN, CHARLES W. MR.$9,900
- LANCASTER, SAMUEL G.$2,000
Entertainment & Streaming$2,010
from 4 contributions
- RIGBY, HAP$1,000
- LAMY, JONATHAN$750
- FIERRO, ROBERTO$250
- PETROKIEWICZ, ELLEN$10
Print & Broadcast Media$2,000
from 1 contribution
- GUSTAFSON, NICOLE$2,000

Project 2025 Policy Matches

This bill shows semantic similarity to the following sections of the Project 2025 policy document.AI-enhanced analysis provides detailed alignment ratings.

Trade

Moderate

Vector: 59%

Pages: 849-851AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill's focus on promoting music tourism aligns with the Project 2025 trade section's emphasis on tourism and cultural engagement as components of trade policy, though the bill's specific government-led promotion contrasts with the section's caution against heavy-handed outreach."

Key themes:tourismcultural exchangeinternational traveleconomic outreach

— 817 — Trade Internet memes, fashion, movies, student exchange programs, tourism, and more. China’s leaders are set in their ways, especially with Xi Jinping presumably now in power for life, but the younger generation is more open than their parents were—more individualistic and open to change. Effective outreach to the Chinese people will need the same humility that other sound trade policies require. Government-directed cultural and economic outreach risks being heavy-handed and could backfire. Everyone involved needs to know that the process is generational in scope and will not work overnight. At the very least, Washington should stay out of the way as much as possible when regular people want to contact each other across national, language, and cultural divides. Each of these many components, from tariffs to trade agreements to culture, is a small part of a larger China policy. Many are not attention-grabbing and cannot be put into sound bites. Cultural engagement is not something Washington can plan. China’s own demographic and debt problems, along with aging leadership and growing discontent over the zero-COVID policy, might even cause an internal collapse. American policy must therefore be prepared to face any contingency. CONCLUSION A conservative trade policy needs a conservative vision. America’s found- ing institutions, based on free trade and entrepreneurship, have made America the world’s leading economy and will help keep America strong through the next century. However, recent departures from those principles have hurt America’s econ- omy and weakened alliances that are necessary to contain threats from Russia and China. Reaffirming those principles through policies of openness, dynamism, and free trade will boost America’s economy, make us more resilient against crises, and remove opportunities for progressives and rent-seekers to use the levers of gov- ernment for their own purposes. Rediscovering conservative principles on trade policy and embracing America’s long history as the world’s leading commercial republic are an important part of restoring a government of, by, and for the people. AUTHOR’S NOTE: The preparation of this analysis could not have been completed without the valuable support of a small, sturdy, and principled community of trade policy experts. Among them, my colleagues at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, Ryan Young, Iain Murray, and Ivan Osorio were essential. The author alone is responsible for this report. No views herein should be attributed to any other individual or institution. — 818 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise ENDNOTES 1. Warren E. Buffett and Carol J. Loomis, “America’s Growing Trade Deficit Is Selling the Nation Out from Under Us. Here’s a Way to Fix the Problem—And We Need to Do It Now,” Fortune, November 10, 2003, https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2003/11/10/352872/index.htm (accessed February 25, 2023). 2. 2017 Annual Report to Congress of the U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission, 115th Congress, 1st Session, November 2017, p. 24, https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2017_Annual_Report_to_ Congress.pdf (accessed February 25, 2023). 3. JayEtta Z. Hecker, Associate Director, International Relations and Trade Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, U.S. Government Accountability Office, “China Trade: WTO Membership and Most-Favored-Nation Status,” Testimony before the Subcommittee on Trade, Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, GAO/T-NSIAD-98-209, June 17, 1998, p. 1, https://www.gao.gov/assets/t- nsiad-98-209.pdf (accessed February 25, 2023). 4. News release, “U.S. Trade in International Goods and Services, December and Annual 2022,” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, February 7, 2023, https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/us- international-trade-goods-and-services-december-and-annual-2022 (accessed February 25, 2023); “Table 1. U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Exports, Imports, and Balances,” U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, last updated November 3, 2022, https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/ files/2022-11/trad-time-series-0922.xlsx (accessed February 25, 2023). 5. U.S. Department of State, “Fact Sheet: Activity at the Wuhan Institute of Virology,” January 15, 2021, https://2017-2021.state.gov/fact-sheet-activity-at-the-wuhan-institute-of-virology/index.html (accessed February 25, 2023); Interim Report, An Analysis of the Origins of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Minority Oversight Staff, Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions, U.S. Senate, October 2022, https://www.help. senate.gov/imo/media/doc/report_an_analysis_of_the_origins_of_covid-19_102722.pdf (accessed February 25, 2023). 6. Barmini Chakraborty, “China Hints at Denying Americans Life-Saving Coronavirus Drugs,” Fox News, March 13, 2020, https://www.foxnews.com/world/chinese-deny-americans-coronavirus-drugs (accessed February 25, 2023). 7. Jim Garamone, “Trump Announces New Whole-of-Government National Security Strategy,” U.S. Department of Defense, December 18, 2017, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1399392/ trump-announces-new-whole-of-government-national-security-strategy/ (accessed February 26, 2023). Emphasis added. 8. “Remarks by President Trump in State of the Union Address,” The White House, February 5, 2019, https:// trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-state-union-address-2/ (accessed February 25, 2023). 9. White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, The United States Reciprocal Trade Act: Estimated Job & Trade Deficit Effects, May 2019, https://www.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/RTAReport. pdf?mod=article_inline (accessed February 26, 2023); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, “Trade Analysis Information System,” https://databank.worldbank.org/source/unctad-%5E-trade-analysis- information-system-(trains) (accessed February 26, 2023); Trefor Moss, “China to Cut Import Tariff on Autos to 15% from 25%,” The Wall Street Journal, updated May 22, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/ china-to-cut-import-tariff-on-autos-to-15-from-25-1526980760 (accessed February 26, 2023); U.S. International Trade Commission, Harmonized Tariff Schedule (2019 Revision 3), https://hts.usitc.gov/view/ release?release=2019HTSAREV3 (accessed February 26, 2023). 10. This code is commonly used to determine customs duty classifications for goods internationally. 11. White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, The United States Reciprocal Trade Act: Estimated Job & Trade Deficit Effects, p. 15. 12. H.R.764, United States Reciprocal Trade Act, 116th Congress, introduced January 24, 2019, https://www. congress.gov/116/bills/hr764/BILLS-116hr764ih.pdf (accessed February 26, 2023). 13. Harvard Center for American Political Studies and Harris Poll, “Monthly Harvard–Harris Poll: February 2019,” https://harvardharrispoll.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/HHP_Feb2019_RV_topline.pdf (accessed February 26, 2023).

Department of Labor and Related Agencies

Weak

Vector: 60%

Pages: 645-647AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on promoting music tourism to boost local economies and job creation, while the Project 2025 labor section emphasizes hiring preferences for Americans, visa fraud enforcement, and international labor standards. Both share a general goal of supporting American workers and economic competitiveness, but they address different policy domains with minimal direct overlap."

Key themes:economic growthjob creationAmerican competitiveness

— 613 — Department of Labor and Related Agencies l Congress must amend the law so that employers can again have the freedom to make hiring Americans a priority. Despite the significant advantages that preferring citizens over (work-authorized) aliens in hiring would provide to American workers, businesses, and the country at large, such a practice has been illegal since 1986.25 This makes no sense. Alternative View Some conservatives believe that the government has a duty to limit its spending in order to limit how much it takes from American families. This means that when the government spends money, it must find the most econom- ical and effective way to do so. Excessive government spending will be borne by American workers and families through reduced incomes and purchasing power. There may be good reasons to require a certain percentage of American workers on federal contracts, but those decisions should be based on economy and efficiency as opposed to arbitrary quotas. Visa Fraud. American businesses that commit visa fraud and hire illegal immi- grants should not be the beneficiaries of federal spending. But a 2020 report by the Department of Labor’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) examined the depart- ment’s process for excluding employers who commit visa fraud and abuse from federal contracts and found much to be desired. l To protect the American workforce from unscrupulous immigration lawyers, employers, and labor brokers, the department must follow the recommendations of the OIG and institute more robust investigations for suspected visa fraud and speedier debarments for those found guilty. INTERNATIONAL LABOR POLICY Leveling the International Playing Field for Workers. As recent decades of intense import competition and offshoring have made clear, American workers suffer when the U.S. opens its markets to foreign nations’ minimal labor standards and exploitative conditions. While federal law already prohibits the importation of goods produced with forced labor, the prohibitions are toothless without effective means of enforcement and cover only the most basic of workers’ rights. The Trump Administration and its United States Trade Representative (USTR) took unprece- dented steps to redress the issue for workers. The U.S.–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) contained the strongest and most far-reaching labor provisions of any free trade agreement (FTA), with protections and commitments to reduce labor abuses and raise wages. It also established new modes of enforcement. For future FTAs, the USTR should replicate the labor provisions of USMCA, especially the provisions to: — 614 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise l Eliminate all forms of forced or compulsory labor. l Protect workers’ rights to organize and participate voluntarily in a union without employer interference or discrimination. l Create a rapid-response mechanism to provide for an independent panel investigation of denial of labor rights at covered facilities. l Shift the burden of proof by presuming that an alleged violation affects trade and investment, unless otherwise demonstrated. For future authorizations of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA), the President should urge Congress to: l Create mechanisms for supply-chain transparency. l Institute a general prohibition on forced labor conditions. Investigate Foreign Labor Violations That Undermine American Work- ers. The United States’ embrace of globalization has exposed American workers to unfair competition from nations with cheap, abundant, and often exploited labor. American workers have, as a consequence, seen their earning power erode. While negotiating stronger trade agreements with robust labor provisions should be the primary tool with which to regulate international labor competition, the federal government can also take steps to identify the worst labor abuses and rule breakers. DOL’s Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) plays a critical role in monitor- ing and enforcing the labor provisions of U.S. trade agreements and trade preference programs as well as investigating child labor and human trafficking violations. l The next Administration should focus ILAB investigations on foreign labor violations that do the most to damage American workers’ earning power, specifically regimes that engage in child and forced labor, fail to protect workers’ organizing rights, and permit hazardous or otherwise exploitative working conditions. Alternative/Additional View. Conservatives share a belief in protecting and pro- moting American workers and their families and orienting international policies with Americans’ interests first. Some conservatives believe that the best way to put Amer- ica first is by making America more attractive. In addition to restrictions imposed on other countries, removing existing barriers to American manufacturing, employ- ment, and commerce can help American workers, entrepreneurs, and families.

19

Weak

Vector: 59%

Pages: 652-654AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill promotes music tourism through the Department of Commerce, while Project 2025’s Section 19 focuses on reforming the Department of Transportation’s role in funding and infrastructure. Both involve travel and economic benefits, but they address different agencies and policy levers, resulting only tangential overlap."

Key themes:tourismtraveleconomic developmentinfrastructurecultural heritage

— 619 — 19 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Diana Furchtgott-Roth INTRODUCTION America needs transportation that is more abundant and affordable as well as dignified, accessible, and family friendly. Transportation plays a vital role in the prosperity and flourishing of the United States. Americans use trucks, tankers, and trains to keep our supply chains running and cars, transit, and planes to go where we want to go. Two hundred and forty years ago, Adam Smith recognized that connections were a bedrock of society because they stimulate specialization, innovation, and capital investment. In the following decades, America’s growth was made possible by transportation—first ports and transatlantic shipping, then roads, canals, and eventually railroads pushing westward to create the nation we call home. Access to transportation is part of what made our country great. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), with a requested fiscal year (FY) 2023 budget of $142 billion,1 was originally intended simply to provide a policy framework for transportation safety, rulemaking, and regulation. However, it has evolved to believe that its role is “to deliver the world’s leading transportation system”2—that is, to select individual projects and allocate taxpayer funds in the actual planning, developing, and building of transportation assets. Such a role is held more appropriately by transportation asset owners: primarily states, munic- ipalities, and the private sector. In addition to providing a safety and regulatory framework through its 11 sub- components, known as modes, the department has become a de facto grantmaking and lending organization. DOT provides approximately $50 billion in discretionary — 620 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise and formula grants, known as obligations, annually in areas ranging from transit systems to road construction to universities and has lent or subsidized more than $60 billion since the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (TIFIA) program,3 now managed by the Build America Bureau, was created in 1998. This evolved role as a major, and often primary, funding and financing source is far from the department’s original policy framework. It also removes incentives for state and local officials to ensure that investments are worthwhile, because federal money removes the need to get public buy-in to build and maintain infrastructure projects as funding becomes “someone else’s money.” Despite the department’s tremendous resources, congressional mandates and funding priorities have made it difficult for DOT to focus on the pressing trans- portation challenges that most directly affect average Americans, such as the high cost of personal automobiles, especially in an era of high inflation; unpredictable and expensive commercial shipping by rail, air, and sea; and infrastructure spend- ing that does not match the types of transportation that most Americans prefer. Transforming the department to address the varied needs of all Americans more effectively remains a central challenge. DOT is particularly difficult to manage because its 11 major components—nine modal administrations, the Office of the Secretary, and the Office of the Inspector General—all have their own sets of personnel including administrators, deputy administrators, chiefs of staff, and general counsels. Most grants flow through the modes, such as the Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administra- tion, and Federal Aviation Administration. The Office of the Secretary contains its own grantmaking operation that funds research and some special grants, as well as a major lending operation, the Build America Bureau, that functions as an infrastructure bank. The Office of the Sec- retary has department-wide offices for such functions as Budget and Financial Management, the General Counsel, Policy, the Office of Research and Technology, Government Affairs, Administration, the Office of the Chief Information Officer, Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Public Affairs, Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance, and Civil Rights. The modal administrations include the: l Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); l Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); l Federal Railroad Administration (FRA); l National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); l Federal Transit Administration (FTA);

Department of Agriculture

Weak

Vector: 58%

Pages: 344-346AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill focuses on music tourism and cultural heritage via the Department of Commerce, while the Project 2025 USDA section centers on agriculture, food systems, and rural development; the only modest connection is a shared interest in supporting rural economies."

Key themes:rural developmenteconomic growthcultural heritagetourism promotiondomestic travel

Department of Agriculture

Weak

Vector: 58%

Pages: 344-346AI Enhanced

AI Analysis:

"The bill's emphasis on promoting travel to rural destinations and cultural heritage sites tangentially aligns with USDA rural development goals, but otherwise addresses music tourism and the Department of Commerce, which are unrelated to USDA's agricultural focus."

Key themes:rural developmenttourism promotioneconomic growth

— 311 — Department of Agriculture ENDNOTES 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p.1, https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/ files/documents/2023-usda-budget-summary.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). 2. See, for example, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Transforming the U.S. Food System,” https://www.usda. gov/fst (accessed December 14, 2022). 3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p.1. 4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “USDA Celebrates 150 Years,” https://www.usda.gov/our-agency/about-usda/ history (accessed December 16, 2022). 5. The law stated, “[T]here is hereby established at the seat of government of the United States a Department of Agriculture, the general designs and duties of which shall be to acquire and to diffuse among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the people new and valuable seeds and plants.” Gladys L. Baker et al., Century of Service: The First 100 Years of the United States Department of Agriculture, (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) p. 13, https://babel. hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4254098&view=1up&seq=33 (accessed December 16, 2022). 6. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Summary, p. 2. 7. Ibid., p. 2. 8. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2022–2026, p. 3, https://www.usda.gov/sites/ default/files/documents/usda-fy-2022-2026-strategic-plan.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). 9. News release, “USDA Announces Framework for Shoring Up the Food Supply Chain and Transforming the Food System to Be Fairer, More Competitive, More Resilient,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, June 1, 2022, https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2022/06/01/usda-announces-framework-shoring-food-supply- chain-and-transforming (accessed December 14, 2022). 10. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Transforming the U.S. Food System.” 11. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2022–2026, pp. 1–2. 12. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Background on the U.S. Approach to the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit,” August 4, 2021, https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Background-on-US-approach-2021-UN- Food-Systems-Summit.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). 13. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “UN Food Systems Summit,” https://www.usda.gov/oce/sustainability/un- summit (accessed December 14, 2022). 14. Mark Bittman et al., “How a National Food Policy Could Save Millions of American Lives,” The Washington Post, November 7, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-a-national-food-policy-could- save-millions-of-american-lives/2014/11/07/89c55e16-637f-11e4-836c-83bc4f26eb67_story.html (accessed December 14, 2022); Daren Bakst and Gabriella Beaumont-Smith, “No, We Don’t Need to Transform the American Food System,” The Daily Signal, February 26, 2021, https://www.dailysignal.com/2021/02/26/ no-we-dont-need-to-transform-the-american-food-system/ (accessed December 14, 2022); and Daren Bakst, “Biden’s Food Conference Should Put People First, Not Environmental Extremism,” The Daily Signal, September 22, 2022, https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/09/22/bidens-food-conference-should-put-people- first-not-environmental-extremism/ (accessed December 14, 2022). 15. News release, “USDA to Invest Up to $300 Million in New Organic Transition Initiative,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, August 22, 2022, https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2022/08/22/usda-invest-300- million-new-organic-transition-initiative (accessed December 14, 2022). 16. Gary Baise, “Sri Lanka’s Green New Deal Was a Disaster,” Farm Futures, November 14, 2022, https://www. farmprogress.com/commentary/sri-lankas-green-new-deal-was-disaster (accessed December 16, 2022). 17. See, for example, Catherine Greene et al., “Growing Organic Demand Provides High-Value Opportunities for Many Types of Producers,” Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, February 6, 2017, https://www. ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2017/januaryfebruary/growing-organic-demand-provides-high-value-opportunities- for-many-types-of-producers/#:~:text=ERS%20research%20shows%20that%20many,flavor%20desired%20 by%20the%20consumer (accessed December 14, 2022), and Andrea Carlson, “Investigating Retail Price Premiums for Organic Foods,” Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May 24, 2016, https://www.ers. usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/may/investigating-retail-price-premiums-for-organic-foods/ (accessed December 16, 2022). Further, there are many myths, such as those regarding the alleged health benefit of organic food. One — 312 — Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise meta study found that “[t]he published literature lacks strong evidence that organic foods are significantly more nutritious than conventional foods.” Crystal Smith-Spangler et al., “Are Organic Foods Safer or Healthier Than Conventional Alternatives,” Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. 157, No. 5 (September 4, 2012), pp. 348–366, https:// www.acpjournals.org/doi/epdf/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007 (accessed December 16, 2022). 18. Steve Savage, “USDA Data Confirm Organic Yields Significantly Lower Than With Conventional Farming,” Genetic Literacy Project, February 16, 2018, https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2018/02/16/usda-data-confirm- organic-yields-dramatically-lower-conventional-farming/ (accessed December 16, 2022). 19. See, for example, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Notice: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry Partnership Program, Request for Comments,” USDA–2021–0010, October 21, 2021, https://www.regulations. gov/document/USDA-2021-0010-0001 (accessed December 16, 2022). 20. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Public Law 117–169. 21. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, “Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture (1948–2019),” https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/agricultural-productivity-in-the-u-s/productivity- growth-in-u-s-agriculture-1948-2019/ (accessed December 14, 2022). 22. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, “Total Food Budget Share Increased from 9.4 Percent of Disposable Income to 10.3 Percent in 2021,” July 15, 2022, https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/ chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=76967 (accessed December 14, 2022). 23. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Quintiles of Income Before Taxes: Annual Expenditure Means, Shares, and Standard Errors, and Coefficients of Variation, Consumer Expenditure Surveys,” 2021, Table 1101, https://www.bls.gov/cex/tables/calendar-year/mean-item-share-average-standard-error/cu- income-quintiles-before-taxes-2021.pdf (accessed December 16, 2022), and Daren Bakst and Patrick Tyrrell, “Big Government Policies That Hurt the Poor and How to Address Them,” Heritage Foundation Special Report No.176, April 5, 2017, p. 7, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2017-04/SR176.pdf. 24. Daren Bakst and Joshua Sewell, “Congress Should Stop Abrogating Its Spending Power and Rein in the USDA Slush Fund,” Heritage Foundation Issue Brief No. 6052, February 19, 2021, p. 2, https://www.heritage.org/ budget-and-spending/report/congress-should-stop-abrogating-its-spending-power-and-rein-the-usda. 25. Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act of 1948, Public Law 80–806. 26. Bakst and Sewall, “Congress Should Stop Abrogating Its Spending Power.” 27. Ibid., p. 3. 28. Daren Bakst, “Comment from Bakst, Darren” on “Notice: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry Partnership Program, Request for Comments,” USDA–2021–0010, October 21, 2021,” November 1, 2021, https://www. regulations.gov/document/USDA-2021-0010-0001/comment?filter=bakst (accessed December 16, 2022). 29. U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Notice: Climate-Smart Agriculture and Forestry Partnership Program.” 30. Megan Stubbs, “The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC),” Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, updated January 14, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44606 (accessed December 16, 2022). 31. “Overall, 34 percent of all farms reported receiving some type of Government payment in 2021,” and “[o]verall, 14 percent of U.S. farms participated in Federal crop insurance programs.” Christine Whitt, Noah Miller, and Ryan Olver, “America’s Farms and Ranches at a Glance: 2022 Edition,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, pp. 24 and 26, https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/105388/eib-247. pdf?v=527.4 (accessed March 18, 2023). This data, which apparently does not cover crop insurance, included payments beyond just commodity payments, such as conservation payments. 32. Randy Schnepf, “Farm Safety-Net Payments Under the 2014 Farm Bill: Comparison by Program Crop,” Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, August 11, 2017, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44914.pdf (accessed December 14, 2022). 33. Although livestock and specialty crop producers do receive some subsidies, former American Farm Bureau Federation President Bob Stallman captured the subsidy issue well. He “dismisse[d] outright the claim that farmers couldn’t survive without subsidy money. ‘Why does the livestock industry survive without subsidies?’ he ask[ed]. ‘Why does the specialty crop [fruit and vegetable] industry survive?’” Tamar Haspel, “Why Do Taxpayers Subsidize Rich Farmers?” The Washington Post, March 15, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost. com/lifestyle/food/why-do-taxpayers-subsidize-rich-farmers/2018/03/15/50e89906-27b6-11e8-b79d- f3d931db7f68_story.html (accessed March 18, 2023).

Showing 3 of 5 policy matches

About These Correlations

Policy matches are calculated using a hybrid approach: initial candidates are found using semantic similarity between bill summaries and Project 2025 policy text, then an AI model (Llama 3.1 70B) provides detailed alignment ratings and analysis. Ratings range from 1 (minimal alignment) to 5 (very strong alignment). This analysis does not imply direct causation or intent.

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